So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that"reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible."

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in knowledge. Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easily, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children."

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

　　1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that____.

　　A) it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B) students spend endless hours in reading

　　C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D) too much time is spent in teaching of reading

　　2. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____.

　　A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D) teachers can make their teaching activities observably

　　3. The word "scrutiny"(Para.3) most probably means____.

　　A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion

　　4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ____.

　　A) children become highly motivated

　　B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D) reading enriches children’s experience

　　5. The main idea of the passage is that ____.

　　A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

　　D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

　　文章大意：

　　本文介紹了孩子如何學(xué)會(huì)閱讀。雖然老師花了大量的時(shí)間教學(xué)生閱讀，但顯然這是徒勞無益的，因?yàn)殚喿x只有通過為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造合適的條件，讓他們自己養(yǎng)成有效的閱讀習(xí)慣，并通過閱讀本身來解決有效閱讀這一問題。

　　答案和解析：

　　1. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。通過題干回到第二段找相對(duì)應(yīng)的地方可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，第一段里提到的閱讀課存在的問題是教學(xué)生閱讀花的時(shí)間太多。見文章第一段里的第2-4句：Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.” 根據(jù)endless hours spent in activities about reading可以判斷，“大量的時(shí)間花在閱讀這一活動(dòng)上”，再結(jié)合Teaching children to read，可以看出閱讀活動(dòng)是指“教小孩閱讀”而不是“小孩自己閱讀”，所以答案為D。

　　2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。通過題干回到文章里找相對(duì)應(yīng)的地方可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，如果老師能夠讓學(xué)生培養(yǎng)起自己的閱讀方法，那么閱讀教學(xué)就成功了。見文章第二段里的第三句： The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. 根據(jù)該句子的意思，“教閱讀是否成功”在于for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read，所以答案為B。

　　3. B 詞義題。通過上下文可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，scrutiny的意思是observation。見文章第二段里的Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.與teaching 相對(duì)應(yīng)的是learning to read, 而Almost all of it(learning to read)is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that processis not open to public scrutiny.因而teaching: public, can be seen/observed,那么learning to read 則是private, not open to public scrutiny, scrutiny一定與seen/observed近義，所以答案為B。

　　4. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。通過題干回到文章里找相對(duì)應(yīng)的地方可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，當(dāng)學(xué)生有強(qiáng)烈的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)閱讀就不再是一件難事。見文章最后一句Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading。句中的when隱含條件，在when條件中，關(guān)鍵是孩子有機(jī)會(huì)“通過閱讀來解決學(xué)會(huì)閱讀這一問題(to solve the problem of learning to read by reading)，所以答案為A。

　　5. C 主旨大意題。通過文章的主題句可以得知答案。根據(jù)短文得知，閱讀能力是后天習(xí)得，而不是老師教會(huì)的。見文章的主題句，即para.1第一句：So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves.根據(jù)句子的意思，老師教孩子閱讀，而這種做法只不過是“為孩子們做了只有他們自己才能做的事(do that which only children can do for themselves)”，所以答案為C。