以下是小編為大家準(zhǔn)備的高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞講解，歡迎閱讀。

　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　【考點(diǎn)分析】

　　1.對(duì)下列十種時(shí)態(tài)的考查：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　2.既考查時(shí)態(tài)又考查語(yǔ)態(tài);

　　3.考查動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物;

　　4.考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義;

　　5.考查動(dòng)詞詞組在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的介詞問(wèn)題;

　　6.對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)慣句型的考查。

　　【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】

　　I.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　is/am/are doingwas/were doing

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　has/have donehad done

　　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　has/have been doinghad been doing

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　will/shall do

　　is/am/are going to do

　　is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do

　　was/were going to do

　　was/were(about)to do

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　is/am/are donewas/were done

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　is/am/are being donewas/were being done

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　has/have been donehad been done

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　will/shall be done

　　is/am/are going to be done

　　is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done

　　was/were going to be done

　　was/were(about)to be done

　　II.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法

　　1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等;

　　②主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái);

　　I’ll go there after I finish my work.

　　If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

　�、墼谝詇ere,there開(kāi)頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;

　　There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。

　　注意：近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾

　　Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.

　　A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

　　雖然航海發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但是，海洋的名稱不會(huì)因此而變化，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　�、俦硎菊�在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;

　�、诒硎景从�(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

　　He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

　　My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。

　�、鄞�替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。

　　The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。

　　The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。

　�、芘calways, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;

　　He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。

　　She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。

　　⑤大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　常見(jiàn)的有：

　　▲感覺(jué)類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear

　　▲情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear

　　▲心態(tài)類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt

　　▲所有類：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。

　　3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作;

　　I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

　　②表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;

　　He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

　�、郾硎尽霸�經(jīng)到過(guò)某地(人已回來(lái))”用“have/has been to”;

　　表示“到某地去了(還未回來(lái))”用“have/has gone to”。

　　—Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

　　—She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.

　　④在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)將來(lái)某時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

　　When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.

　　We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.

　　注意：這里的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前完成, 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時(shí);試比較：

　　I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

　　She will call you when she gets home.

　　⑤短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,

　　break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說(shuō)：He has joined the army three years.可采用：

　　▲“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.

　　▲“延續(xù)法”：He has been in the army for three years.

　　▲“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

　　注意：沒(méi)有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用, 但“in(over) the

　　past/last+時(shí)間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。