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比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。
2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
舉例:
I saw this film yesterday.
。◤娬{(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。)
I have seen this film.
。◤娬{(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
。◤娬{(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
。◤娬{(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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