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三峽水庫(kù)建成的利與弊英語(yǔ)作文
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三峽工程首要的建設(shè)目標(biāo)是防洪，使荊江大堤的防洪能力由十年一遇提高到百年一遇。
The primary construction goal of the Three Gorges project is flood control, so that the flood control capacity of Jingjiang levee will be increased from once in ten years to once in 100 years.
三峽工程總裝機(jī)容量1820萬(wàn)千瓦。年發(fā)電量達(dá)847億千瓦時(shí)，將給沿江的工業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)和廣大地區(qū)提供廉價(jià)而清潔的電力。這是三峽工程最主要的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，也是三峽工程建設(shè)的充分條件。
The total installed capacity of the Three Gorges project is 18.2 million kilowatts. With an annual generating capacity of 84.7 billion kwh, it will provide cheap and clean power for industrial towns and vast areas along the river. This is the main direct economic benefit of the Three Gorges Project and the sufficient condition for the construction of the Three Gorges Project.
三峽水庫(kù)的形成，改善了峽谷河段的航道，萬(wàn)噸級(jí)船隊(duì)有半年時(shí)間可以直達(dá)重慶，通航能力可從現(xiàn)在的每年1000萬(wàn)噸提高到5000萬(wàn)噸，而且可降低航運(yùn)成本30%~37%。
The formation of the Three Gorges reservoir has improved the channel of the canyon reach. The 10000 ton fleet can reach Chongqing for half a year. The navigation capacity can be increased from the current 10 million tons per year to 50 million tons, and the shipping cost can be reduced by 30% - 37%.
建成后的三峽工程，作為中國(guó)的大西南同東部沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)有機(jī)聯(lián)系的紐帶，以其巨大的綜合效益，必將有力地帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)江流域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和騰飛。這對(duì)加快我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程，提高綜合國(guó)力具有重要意義。
The Three Gorges project, as an organic link between Southwest China and the developed coastal areas in the East, will promote the economic development and take off of the Yangtze River basin with its huge comprehensive benefits. It is of great significance to speed up the process of China's modernization and improve the comprehensive national strength.
三峽工程及市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇。三峽工程規(guī)模宏大。它由世界最大規(guī)模的水庫(kù)移民工程，世界最大規(guī)模的攔河大壩、水力發(fā)電廠房、通航建筑物以及大規(guī)模的遠(yuǎn)距離輸變電工程組成。
Three Gorges Project and market opportunities. The Three Gorges project is of great scale. It is composed of the world's largest reservoir resettlement project, the world's largest river dam, hydropower plant, navigation building and large-scale long-distance power transmission and transformation project.
三峽工程巨大的建筑規(guī)模，給中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江流域乃至全國(guó)的建筑業(yè)、材料工業(yè)、機(jī)械電氣制造業(yè)以及電力、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)提供一個(gè)不小的市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)，也促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)和全國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
The huge construction scale of the Three Gorges Project provides a great market opportunity for the construction industry, material industry, mechanical and electrical manufacturing industry, electric power and information industry in China's Yangtze River Basin and even the whole country, and also promotes the economic development of this region and the whole country.
三峽工程需要當(dāng)今世界的最新技術(shù)，也將為國(guó)際工程界、機(jī)械、電氣、電子信息界提供一個(gè)不可忽視的市場(chǎng)。
The Three Gorges project needs the latest technology in the world. It will also provide a market that cannot be ignored for the international engineering, mechanical, electrical and electronic information fields.
關(guān)于水庫(kù)移民。水庫(kù)移民搬遷約達(dá)100萬(wàn)人口，需要重建家園。水庫(kù)淹沒區(qū)都是沿江比較貧窮的地區(qū)，大量移民資金的投入對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)來說是一個(gè)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。“開發(fā)性移民”的移民方針將促進(jìn)庫(kù)區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。動(dòng)遷庫(kù)區(qū)100萬(wàn)人口換得下游尤其是荊江地區(qū)1500萬(wàn)人口和2300萬(wàn)畝耕地的安全保障，從政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等任何一個(gè)角度看都是合理的。這就是為什么興建三峽工程能得到庫(kù)區(qū)人民的擁護(hù)和支持的原因。
About reservoir migration. About one million people have been relocated from the reservoir, and they need to rebuild their homes. The reservoir inundated areas are all poor areas along the river. The investment of a large number of migration funds is a new development opportunity for this area. The migration policy of "development migration" will promote the economic prosperity of the reservoir area. It is reasonable from any point of view of politics, society and economy to move 1 million people in the reservoir area to get the security of 15 million people and 23 million mu of cultivated land in the downstream, especially in Jingjiang area. This is why the construction of the Three Gorges project can get the support of the people in the reservoir area.
水庫(kù)誘發(fā)地震與庫(kù)岸穩(wěn)定
Reservoir induced earthquake and bank stability
誘發(fā)地震研究對(duì)三峽水庫(kù)分段進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的基本結(jié)論是：從壩址至廟河長(zhǎng)16公里的結(jié)晶巖低山丘陵庫(kù)段，巖體完整性好，歷史和現(xiàn)今有感地震活動(dòng)稀少，蓄水后不排除發(fā)生淺源小震，最大震級(jí)預(yù)計(jì)不大于里氏4級(jí)；自廟河至白帝城長(zhǎng)142公里的碳酸鹽巖峽谷庫(kù)段，可能發(fā)生巖溶性的水庫(kù)誘發(fā)地震，最大震級(jí)也不超過里氏4級(jí)；白帝城以上以砂巖、泥巖為主的庫(kù)段，無大斷裂通過，巖體透水性弱，不具備發(fā)生水庫(kù)誘發(fā)地震的條件。
The basic conclusion of the evaluation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the study of induced earthquake is: from the dam site to the 16km long low mountain and hill reservoir section of crystalline rock in Miaohe, the integrity of rock mass is good, the historical and current sensible earthquake activities are rare, the occurrence of shallow source small earthquakes is not excluded after impoundment, and the maximum magnitude is expected to be no more than 4 on Richter scale; the 142 km long carbonate Canyon reservoir section from Miaohe to Baidicheng may occur The maximum magnitude of the reservoir induced earthquake is no more than 4 on the Richter scale. The reservoir section above Baidi city is mainly composed of sandstone and mudstone. There is no large fault passing through, and the water permeability of the rock mass is weak, so there is no condition for the reservoir induced earthquake.
根據(jù)長(zhǎng)期的地質(zhì)勘測(cè)研究和水庫(kù)誘發(fā)地震研究成果，三峽壩區(qū)和庫(kù)區(qū)地殼穩(wěn)定，均不孕育發(fā)生嚴(yán)重地震的地質(zhì)背景。三峽水庫(kù)蓄水后，雖不排除發(fā)生水庫(kù)誘發(fā)地震的可能性，但從高估計(jì)，影響到壩區(qū)的最高地震烈度不會(huì)超過VI度，不會(huì)影響按Vll度設(shè)防的主要建筑物的安全。
According to the long-term geological survey and research results of reservoir induced earthquake, the crust of the Three Gorges dam area and the reservoir area is stable, and there is no geological background for serious earthquake. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, although the possibility of reservoir induced earthquake is not excluded, the highest seismic intensity affecting the dam area will not exceed VI degree from the high estimate, and will not affect the safety of the main buildings fortified according to Vll degree.
三峽水庫(kù)庫(kù)岸主要由堅(jiān)硬巖石和半堅(jiān)硬巖石構(gòu)成，大的斷層不多，新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)和地震活動(dòng)也不強(qiáng)烈，因而庫(kù)岸總體穩(wěn)定性是好的。但三峽河段岸坡在長(zhǎng)江河床下切的過程中，在岸坡上發(fā)生一些崩塌和滑坡，屬于河流發(fā)育過程重點(diǎn)正常自然現(xiàn)象。歷史上曾有發(fā)生，水庫(kù)蓄水后也有可能繼續(xù)發(fā)生。經(jīng)查明，庫(kù)區(qū)岸坡分布有大于100萬(wàn)立方米的大型崩滑、危巖體共284個(gè)，總體積約30億立方米。其中穩(wěn)定性差和較差、蓄水后可能失穩(wěn)的大型崩滑體共64個(gè)，總體積3．4億立方米，即使全部失穩(wěn)滑塌入水庫(kù)，對(duì)水庫(kù)庫(kù)容和壽命也無實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響。距大壩26公里以內(nèi)的庫(kù)段，不存在可能失穩(wěn)的大型崩滑體，故可能發(fā)生的庫(kù)岸崩滑不會(huì)影響樞紐建筑物的安全。三峽水庫(kù)蓄水后，由于水位抬高，水深加大，可能發(fā)生庫(kù)岸局部的滑坡和崩塌，不會(huì)影響航道通航。水庫(kù)蓄水后，可能受庫(kù)岸局部滑塌影響較大的是庫(kù)岸的新老城鎮(zhèn)和居民。因此，要充分重視移民新城鎮(zhèn)和集中居民點(diǎn)選址的地質(zhì)條件，同時(shí)要建立對(duì)可能失穩(wěn)的崩滑體的監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)報(bào)工作。
The reservoir bank of the Three Gorges reservoir is mainly composed of hard rock and semi hard rock, with few large faults and weak neotectonic movement and seismic activity, so the overall stability of the reservoir bank is good. However, some landslides and collapses occurred on the bank slope of the Three Gorges River during the undercutting process of the Yangtze river bed, which is a key natural phenomenon in the river development process. It has happened in history and may continue to happen after the reservoir impoundment. It is found that there are 284 large-scale landslides and dangerous rocks with a total volume of about 3 billion cubic meters distributed on the bank slope of the reservoir area. Among them, there are 64 large-scale landslides with poor stability and possible instability after impoundment, with a total volume of 340 million cubic meters. Even if all the landslides fall into the reservoir, there is no substantial impact on the reservoir capacity and service life. In the reservoir section within 26 km from the dam, there is no large-scale sliding mass that may lose stability, so the possible bank sliding will not affect the safety of the pivotal buildings. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, due to the elevation of water level and the increase of water depth, local landslides and collapses may occur on the reservoir bank, which will not affect the navigation of the channel. After the reservoir impoundment, the new and old towns and residents may be greatly affected by the local collapse of the reservoir bank. Therefore, it is necessary to pay full attention to the geological conditions for the location of new towns and concentrated residential areas, and at the same time, it is necessary to establish the monitoring and prediction work for the possible unstable landslides.
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