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小升初英語(yǔ)�？颊Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納(3)
七、動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)：
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。
2. 行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
�、凇∫詄結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
�、� 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
�、� 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： ①be going to + do;
�、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
�、� 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
�、� 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
�、� 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分：句法
1.陳述句
(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑問(wèn)句
一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。
特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該
問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來(lái)回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om
2、在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：
What’s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
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