with的用法
With的定義:
With是個(gè)介詞,基本的意思是“用”,但它也可以協(xié)助構(gòu)成一個(gè)極為多采多姿的句型,在句子中起兩種作用;副詞與形容詞。
With是一個(gè)十分有用的介詞,其用法也比較復(fù)雜,以下用法值得注意:
1. 表示方式、手段或工具等時(shí)(=以,用),注意不要受漢語意思的影響而用錯(cuò)搭配,如“用英語”習(xí)慣上用in English,而不是with English。
2. 與某些抽象名詞連用時(shí),其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。如:
with care=carefully 認(rèn)真地
with kindness=kindly 親切地
with joy=joyfully 高興地
with anger=angrily 生氣地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲傷地
withease=easily 容易地
with delight=delightedly 高興地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
3. 表示條件時(shí),根據(jù)情況可與虛擬語氣連用。如:
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是錢多一點(diǎn),我就買得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是設(shè)備好些,我們完成這項(xiàng)工作還要快些。
4. 比較with和as:兩者均可表示“隨著”,但前者是介詞,后接名詞或代詞;后者是連詞,用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子。比較:
He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長,他會(huì)進(jìn)步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時(shí)代變了,人們的觀念也會(huì)變化。
5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu),它在句中主要用作狀語,表示伴隨、原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式等;其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語等。如:
(1) with+賓語+形容詞
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常開著窗睡覺。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要滿嘴巴食物說話。
(2) with+賓語+ 副詞
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭 站在老師面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。
(3) with +賓語+ 介詞短語
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說了聲再見。
The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 這個(gè)人頭枕著胳膊睡著了。
(4) with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁? 我無法去度假。
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