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高考真題試卷電子版
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中,許多人都需要跟試卷打交道,作為學(xué)生,想要成績(jī)提升得快,那么平時(shí)就一定要進(jìn)行寫練習(xí),寫試卷,那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,一份好的試卷是什么樣的呢?以下是小編收集整理的高考真題試卷電子版,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)甲卷)
語(yǔ) 文
使用地區(qū):四川、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、陜西
本試卷滿分150分,考試時(shí)間150分鐘。
一、現(xiàn)代文閱讀(36分)
。ǘ⿲(shí)用類文本閱讀(本題共3小題,12分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
“偷梁換柱”多指以假代真,用欺騙的手段改變事物的性質(zhì),然而在古建筑工程領(lǐng)域,“偷梁換柱”卻屬于一種科學(xué)實(shí)用的修繕加固方法。
梁是截面形狀一般為長(zhǎng)方形的木料,且木料的長(zhǎng)度尺寸遠(yuǎn)大于截面尺寸。梁為水平放置,兩端的底部有支撐構(gòu)件。梁主要用于承擔(dān)建筑上部構(gòu)件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓,并把這些重量向下傳給支撐構(gòu)件。柱為梁的支撐構(gòu)件。柱子截面形狀一般為圓形,長(zhǎng)度尺寸遠(yuǎn)大于截面直徑。柱子為豎向放置,主要用于承擔(dān)上部梁傳來(lái)的重量,并向下傳遞給下部的梁或直接傳至地面。梁與柱采用榫卯形式連接,形成穩(wěn)固的大木結(jié)構(gòu)體系。位于屋架內(nèi)的若干梁在豎向被層層往上“抬”,上下梁之間由短柱支撐,底部的梁由立于地面的立柱支撐。梁、柱均為中國(guó)木結(jié)構(gòu)古建筑的核心受力、傳力構(gòu)件,缺一不可。
對(duì)于古建筑而言,立于地面的立柱,或因長(zhǎng)期承受上部結(jié)構(gòu)傳來(lái)的重量而產(chǎn)生開(kāi)裂殘損,或因柱底部位長(zhǎng)期受到地面潮氣影響而出現(xiàn)糟朽殘損,這導(dǎo)致木柱強(qiáng)度下降,無(wú)法正常支撐梁。此時(shí)可采用“偷梁換柱”的加固方法!巴盗簱Q柱”實(shí)際就是“托梁換柱”。其基本做法為:首先將“假柱”(即臨時(shí)的豎向支撐構(gòu)件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊;再抽去原柱,使梁傳來(lái)的重量暫時(shí)由“假柱”承擔(dān);然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同;最后將“假柱”移去。
完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學(xué)性,其原理主要包括三個(gè)方面:其一,從梁的角度而言,它是水平受力構(gòu)件,并把外力向下傳給立柱。梁只有保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),才能保證整個(gè)大木結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定。在加固古建筑的過(guò)程中,梁始終受到支托,因而能一直保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。其二,從柱的角度而言,它是豎向支撐構(gòu)件,并最終把上部構(gòu)件的重量傳給地基。只有立柱具有充足的承載力,且與梁有可靠連接時(shí),才能有效承擔(dān)梁傳來(lái)的作用力。加固過(guò)程中,技術(shù)人員雖然將原柱抽去,但是預(yù)先將“假柱”設(shè)置于原柱附近,讓“假柱”代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,因而換柱過(guò)程對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)整體的穩(wěn)定基本無(wú)影響。換柱完成后,新柱與原柱有著同樣的材料、尺寸,且與梁有著相同的可靠連接方式,它完全能夠代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用。其三,從梁、柱整體結(jié)構(gòu)角度而言,“偷梁換柱”方法對(duì)整體結(jié)構(gòu)干擾小,且能達(dá)到良好的加固效果:原柱被新柱原位替換,新柱不僅有很好的支撐作用,而且與梁仍有可靠連接;“假柱”僅用于加固過(guò)程的臨時(shí)支撐,且在原柱撤去后新柱安裝前,能夠與梁臨時(shí)組成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體系。因此,在“偷梁換柱”過(guò)程中,梁、柱結(jié)構(gòu)整體始終處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
中國(guó)古建筑大木構(gòu)架剖面示意圖
(摘編自周乾《故宮建筑細(xì)探》)
4. 下列對(duì)原文相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. “偷梁換柱”這一成語(yǔ)在現(xiàn)今的使用中多含有貶義的色彩,但在古建筑工程領(lǐng)域,它是指一種修繕加固的科學(xué)方法,完全沒(méi)有貶義。
B. 中國(guó)古建筑大木構(gòu)架剖面示意圖展示了幾種不同位置、不同尺寸的柱,這些柱子中,立于地面的立柱比較容易發(fā)生糟朽殘損的情況。
C. 結(jié)合圖文可以發(fā)現(xiàn),屋頂?shù)闹亓坑缮蠈又袚?dān),然后傳給梁,再由梁傳遞給其下的短柱,依次向下傳遞,最終由底部的立柱傳至地面。
D. “偷梁換柱”的加固方法包括托梁、抽柱、換柱等步驟,在每一個(gè)步驟中梁一直會(huì)得到很好的支撐,從而始終能夠保持水平穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。
5. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,在下面文段的橫線處補(bǔ)寫出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)。
工程實(shí)例:故宮太和殿是我國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行。2004年,技術(shù)人員在對(duì)太和殿進(jìn)行勘查時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根立柱下部三分之一的位置出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重糟朽,于是采取了“偷梁換柱”的方法對(duì)該立柱進(jìn)行加固。具體過(guò)程如下:先使用“假柱”托住原柱上部的梁。“假柱”為完好的木料,被安裝在_________附近,用于臨時(shí)支撐梁。再把柱子底部糟朽部分抽去,以便用_________代替。原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀。最后再把_________拆除,即完成了原有立柱的加固。
6. 清代的古籍中有另一種“偷梁換柱”的記載:當(dāng)某根立柱損壞需要更換時(shí),為節(jié)省工料,工匠只是在原柱旁邊設(shè)一根新柱,再撤去原柱。為什么第2題“工程實(shí)例”中,太和殿修繕沒(méi)有采用這種更簡(jiǎn)便的加固方式呢?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】4. C 5. ①. 原柱 ②. 新柱 ③. 假柱
6. ①新柱如果沒(méi)有原位替換原柱,可能會(huì)改變建筑原結(jié)構(gòu)的受力和傳力方式,影響整體的穩(wěn)定性;
、谔偷钍侵袊(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,建造之初工匠們應(yīng)該經(jīng)過(guò)了精心的測(cè)量,原位替換才是最佳的解決方案;
、厶偷畹男蘅樇庸套非笞畲蟪潭鹊乇3治奈镌,節(jié)省工料不是優(yōu)先考慮的因素。
【解析】
【4題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解、分析文章內(nèi)容和理解圖表的能力。
C.“屋頂重量由上層柱承擔(dān),然后傳給梁”錯(cuò)誤,原文第二段“梁為水平放置”“梁主要用于承擔(dān)建筑上部構(gòu)件及屋頂?shù)娜恐亓浚堰@些重量向下傳給支撐構(gòu)件”,示意圖中線條指示的橫著的木料是“梁”,它承擔(dān)屋頂?shù)娜恐亓。選項(xiàng)受力、傳力分析不對(duì)。
故選C。
【5題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進(jìn)行判斷推理和情境補(bǔ)寫的能力。
試題以故宮太和殿的修繕工程實(shí)例為題面,要求學(xué)生在理解“偷梁換柱”全過(guò)程,尤其是原柱、“假柱”、新柱三者關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,補(bǔ)寫空缺內(nèi)容。
題干中“具體過(guò)程如下”可對(duì)應(yīng)材料第三段的“其基本做法為……”。
第①處,“被安裝在……附近”,對(duì)應(yīng)材料的“首先將‘假柱’(即臨時(shí)的豎向支撐構(gòu)件)安裝在梁底部、原柱(原有立柱)旁邊”或第四段“預(yù)先將‘假柱’設(shè)置于原柱附近”,“附近”與“旁邊”意思相近,故填“原柱”。
第②處,“以便用……代替”,對(duì)應(yīng)“使梁傳來(lái)的重量暫時(shí)由‘假柱’承擔(dān);然后安裝新柱,新柱的材料、尺寸及安裝位置與原有立柱相同”或第四段“原柱被新柱原位替換”,“假柱”只是代替原柱發(fā)揮支撐作用,真正用于替換的應(yīng)該是“新柱”,故填“新柱”。
第③處,“最后再把……拆除”,對(duì)應(yīng)“最后將‘假柱’移去”,“假柱”的引號(hào)不能刪除,因?yàn)楸硎咎囟ǚQ謂,故填“‘假柱’”。
【6題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生篩選并整合信息、根據(jù)文本信息進(jìn)行判斷推理的能力。
題干中的方法“更簡(jiǎn)便”,但是由材料和上一題的信息可知:完善的“偷梁換柱”加固方法具有科學(xué)性。
首先,從受力分析角度看,原文第四段從三個(gè)角度“從梁的角度而言……保證整個(gè)大木結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定”“從柱的角度而言……對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)整體的穩(wěn)定基本無(wú)影響”“從梁、柱整體結(jié)構(gòu)角度而言……組成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)體系”,進(jìn)行受力、傳力分析,得出:原位替換可以保證整體的穩(wěn)定性。
其次,從工匠精神的“精益求精”追求看,上一題的材料中指出“故宮太和殿是我國(guó)最大的木構(gòu)大殿,明清兩代帝王即位或節(jié)日慶典都在此舉行”,大殿設(shè)計(jì)、建造之初,必定組織大量能工巧匠進(jìn)行了精心的設(shè)計(jì)、測(cè)量等工作,原位替換更符合整體設(shè)計(jì),因而是最佳修繕?lè)桨浮?/p>
最后,從修繕原則、文物保護(hù)角度看,“修舊如故”,不追求節(jié)省工料,而應(yīng)盡可能地保持其原有歷史形態(tài)和特征,以尊重和保護(hù)其歷史價(jià)值和文化意義。上一題的`材料中,在修繕時(shí)將“原柱糟朽部分去掉后,剩余的部分做成巴掌形,與新柱搭接。新柱與被抽去的糟朽部分同材料、同形狀、同尺寸,且頂部亦做成巴掌榫形狀”,這樣能夠最大程度地保持文物原貌,
該題不要求學(xué)生作答面面俱到,只要回答出兩點(diǎn)即可。如果有其他的答案,言之成理亦可。
。ㄈ┪膶W(xué)類文本同讀(本題共3小題,15分)
閱讀下面的文學(xué)。完成下面小題。
霜降夜
周蓬樺
白露過(guò)后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里就已平添了寒意。早晨醒來(lái),陽(yáng)光刺眼,推開(kāi)柵門,發(fā)現(xiàn)腳下的草葉上布滿晶瑩的霜,薄簿的一層,把路邊的花打蔫,樺樹(shù)的枝條似乎蕭條了些許,樹(shù)木上的一只只眼睛長(zhǎng)出了睫毛,無(wú)意間仰頭,但見(jiàn)幾粒寒星正在向山頂以南的方向悄悄隱逝。鎮(zhèn)上某一戶人家屋頂上的煙囪,已經(jīng)開(kāi)始忙活,突突地冒青煙,煙柱是筆直的,上升到一米多高后遇到了風(fēng),才變得凌亂,像一塊被抽斷的絲綢。
有人說(shuō),烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里,流動(dòng)著一股特別的味道,也只有親臨現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人才會(huì)知道。這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們?cè)賮?lái)烏鄉(xiāng)的理由。
我提著滿滿一大鐵桶草木灰,把它們傾倒在大路邊潮濕的水洼里——這是房東阿姨安排給我的任務(wù)。昨天晚上,我約了幾個(gè)養(yǎng)桑蠶與種植薰衣草的農(nóng)戶,到院子里攀談,大家吃著草原黃膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒,交談內(nèi)容涉獵寬泛,沒(méi)有明確的主題。基本圍繞農(nóng)事收成,動(dòng)物保護(hù)和挖掘過(guò)冬的地窖打轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)然,我最感興趣的,是他們講述過(guò)往親身經(jīng)歷的事件。興許口吻輕描淡寫,但對(duì)我十分有用。一些亮點(diǎn)像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須,我急忙拿出記事本,在馬燈的光線下一一做了記錄。牛圈在屋后,小牛犢不時(shí)制造一點(diǎn)騷動(dòng),從那里飄來(lái)絲絲淡淡的尿臊氣,但這并沒(méi)影響大家濃厚的談興。葉子稀疏的板栗樹(shù)梢上,始終挑著一彎殘?jiān)隆?/p>
聊到10點(diǎn)多鐘時(shí),霜降開(kāi)始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽(tīng)得周圍的蘆葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹(shù)枝在輕輕蠕動(dòng),我身上很快起了一層細(xì)小的雞皮疙瘩。這時(shí),善良的房東阿姨送來(lái)了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來(lái)的微妙變化。
“天要落露了,大伙兒小心著涼。”她說(shuō)。
阿姨端來(lái)一小筐被冰凍過(guò)的無(wú)花果,果子個(gè)頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個(gè)個(gè)小冰球,阿姨從廚房提來(lái)了鐵皮桶,點(diǎn)燃了軟草和木柴。很快就將凍漿果烤軟了,冰渣子化成了水,雜糅著果實(shí)的汁液。取一個(gè)放在嘴里,覺(jué)得凍過(guò)后的無(wú)花果有一股山柿餅的味道。少頃,桌上又?jǐn)[滿了甜點(diǎn)美食——大列巴面包、哈爾濱紅腸、咖啡、奶茶、干果仁,還有烤得香噴噴的草原紅糖焙子,吃得大家直打飽嗝。
這是一個(gè)特別的霜降夜,讓人感覺(jué)到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強(qiáng)烈的體驗(yàn)感,從這個(gè)夜晚起始,我正式走進(jìn)烏鄉(xiāng)人的生活,自此與之呼吸同一種空氣,吃一鍋同樣的黑米烏飯,喝新碾的大碴子粥,我并不覺(jué)得我與烏鄉(xiāng)的人和動(dòng)物有什么不同。我們是對(duì)等的。他們?cè)谌兆悠D辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對(duì)幸福目標(biāo)的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅。如果可能,我愿意做烏鄉(xiāng)山野中的一株樹(shù)或一片霜凍的葉子。
我還記下了燃燒時(shí)呲呲作響的松油燈,燈下的笑臉,火光中明亮的瞳仁,以及整整一個(gè)晚上都在談?wù)摰慕拥貧獾脑掝}——如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過(guò)暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨的嚴(yán)冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個(gè)大火爐。喲,對(duì)我這樣長(zhǎng)年奔波的外鄉(xiāng)人來(lái)說(shuō),這是一個(gè)多么難忘的夜晚。
早晨的光線重疊移動(dòng),越升越高,把山脈的陰影投射到地面上。我手扶柵欄,將空空的鐵皮桶放回到了板栗樹(shù)下,卻見(jiàn)房東阿姨的小兒子背了行囊,走下臺(tái)階,似乎要離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行。阿姨從灶間走出來(lái),腰間系著粗布白圍裙。她搓著手,一邊抬手拭淚,臉上難掩擔(dān)憂和凄惶的表情。
她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過(guò)頭來(lái)朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過(guò)路邊的草木灰,在陽(yáng)光下縮小成一個(gè)移動(dòng)的墨點(diǎn),在遠(yuǎn)山的背景下漸漸消失。返回屋內(nèi),我以樹(shù)墩做書案,在稿紙上飛快地記下一句話:“霜降后,一些植物枯萎,一些事物到來(lái),一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上。”
(有刪改)
7. 下列對(duì)文本相關(guān)內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 文章第一段寫烏鄉(xiāng)的清晨,作者感受著風(fēng)與光,視線從腳下草、身邊樹(shù),推展至天際寒星,再收回到農(nóng)家炊煙,心情和筆觸都從容舒緩。
B. 霜降夜攀談中,作者感覺(jué)到“一些亮點(diǎn)像陣雨打濕心頭,滲入靜夜植物的根須”,既實(shí)寫外在景致的變動(dòng),又虛寫心中靈感的滋生。
C. 霜降夜的柴草烤軟了凍果,次晨草木灰被傾倒在路邊水洼,一個(gè)年輕人踩過(guò)草木灰離家遠(yuǎn)行,這些點(diǎn)滴細(xì)節(jié)都帶有烏鄉(xiāng)生活的溫度。
D. 本文不僅記錄了作者本人在烏鄉(xiāng)小住的感受,還提及不少與當(dāng)?shù)厣钕⑾⑾嚓P(guān)的話題,如農(nóng)事收成、動(dòng)物保護(hù)等,側(cè)面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展。
8. 如何理解文章最后作者記下的那句話?
9. 烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜,作者“感覺(jué)到生命與節(jié)氣之間發(fā)生了某種密切的聯(lián)系,有很強(qiáng)烈的體驗(yàn)感”,文章是從哪些方面來(lái)抒寫這種體驗(yàn)感的?請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要分析。
【答案】7. D 8. ①面對(duì)生活的困境,有人經(jīng)不起打擊而敗退,有人則迎難而上,開(kāi)始了新生;②雖然前行艱難,但也要憑借堅(jiān)韌和勇氣勇敢踏上征程,尋找屬于自己的新生活;③此句表達(dá)了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見(jiàn)所感,表達(dá)了對(duì)生命堅(jiān)韌精神的深刻理解,對(duì)烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
9. ①自然景象的描寫中滲透著獨(dú)特的生命感受:文章開(kāi)頭描寫了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、蕭條的樺樹(shù)、寒星的隱逝、農(nóng)家炊煙等細(xì)節(jié),寫出了霜降節(jié)氣中自然的變化;通過(guò)寫作者感受到風(fēng)中對(duì)的含義,聞得到風(fēng)中獨(dú)特的味道,寫出了生命的獨(dú)特感受。②人與自然的互動(dòng):作者與農(nóng)戶們?cè)谠鹤永锱收劇⑵穱L當(dāng)?shù)厥澄,展示了人與自然的密切聯(lián)系;作者還寫了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,寫了房東阿姨送毯子,談?wù)撨^(guò)冬的準(zhǔn)備等細(xì)節(jié),展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)節(jié)氣的重視以及應(yīng)對(duì)節(jié)氣的方法,寫出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。③情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度和對(duì)幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的情感共鳴。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行,作者感受到生命的流動(dòng)和時(shí)間的變遷,進(jìn)一步深化了對(duì)生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗(yàn)。
【解析】
【7題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文本藝術(shù)特色的分析鑒賞能力。
D.“側(cè)面反映了鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展”錯(cuò),文章主要記錄了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)的感受和體驗(yàn),雖然提及了一些與當(dāng)?shù)厣钕嚓P(guān)的話題,但并沒(méi)有反映鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展,主要是表現(xiàn)烏鄉(xiāng)特有的自然風(fēng)光、生活習(xí)俗和人情特點(diǎn)。
故選D。
【8題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解重要句子含義的能力。
這句話是作者在烏鄉(xiāng)小住之后的人生感悟。
“霜降”代表著生活中的困境;“植物枯萎”象征著生命的衰退和結(jié)束,象征著那些經(jīng)不起打擊而被擊敗的人和事物;“一些事物到來(lái)”則象征著新的開(kāi)始和希望,代表著經(jīng)受住打擊的人或事物迎來(lái)新生,開(kāi)始新生活;
“一些人又把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”,“泥濘”代表前路坎坷不易,而“把雙腳踩在了泥濘的路上”象征著前行的艱辛和不易,但也體現(xiàn)了人們?cè)诶Ь持星靶械膱?jiān)韌和勇氣,正如房東阿姨的小兒子,毅然背起行囊離家遠(yuǎn)行,去追尋屬于自己的生活。
此句表達(dá)了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的所見(jiàn)所感,表達(dá)了對(duì)生命堅(jiān)韌精神的深刻理解,對(duì)烏鄉(xiāng)人的贊美。
【9題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容,多角度探究作品意蘊(yùn)的能力。
自然景象的描寫中滲透著獨(dú)特的生命感受:文章描寫了烏鄉(xiāng)清晨的霜景,草葉上的霜、被霜打蔫的花、枝條蕭條的樺樹(shù)、悄悄隱逝的寒星、農(nóng)家屋頂?shù)拇稛,這些自然景觀都帶有霜降節(jié)氣的特色;貫穿其中的還有作者的細(xì)膩感受,如烏鄉(xiāng)白露過(guò)后感受到的寒意,“白露過(guò)后,烏鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)里就已平添了寒意”;還有烏鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)中特別的味道,“這種特別的味道讓人難忘,在鼻間縈繞,以至于割舍不下,成了人們?cè)賮?lái)烏鄉(xiāng)的理由”。
人與自然的互動(dòng):作者描寫了霜降夜與農(nóng)戶們?cè)谠鹤永锱收、品嘗當(dāng)?shù)厥澄,“大家吃著草原黃膘烤牛肉,品嘗著新摘的巨峰葡萄,黑色的凍梨,喝著自釀的桑葚酒”“阿姨端來(lái)一小筐被冰凍過(guò)的無(wú)花果,果子個(gè)頭大,已經(jīng)在冰柜里凍成了一個(gè)個(gè)小冰球”,這些都是秋天特有的食物,體現(xiàn)了人與自然的密切關(guān)聯(lián);此外,作者還寫了霜降夜的景物變化與感受到的寒意,“霜降開(kāi)始了,夜幕陡然拉向縱深,只聽(tīng)得周圍的蘆葦稈在瑟瑟作響,白樺樹(shù)枝在輕輕蠕動(dòng),我身上很快起了一層細(xì)小的雞皮疙瘩”,寫了房東阿姨送毯子,“善良的房東阿姨送來(lái)了羊毛毯和羊毛披肩,以抵抗霜降帶來(lái)的微妙變化”;還寫了談?wù)撨^(guò)冬的準(zhǔn)備等細(xì)節(jié),“如何與枯草叢中的野物們一道,度過(guò)暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨的嚴(yán)冬,需要糧食、木柴、胡蘿卜和大白菜,需要棉衣棉被,需要一個(gè)大火爐”,展現(xiàn)了烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)節(jié)氣的重視以及應(yīng)對(duì)節(jié)氣的方法,寫出人與節(jié)氣之間密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。
情感的共鳴:作者在霜降夜中感受到烏鄉(xiāng)人對(duì)生活的積極態(tài)度和對(duì)幸福的追求,產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的情感共鳴,“他們?cè)谌兆悠D辛面前所持有的積極態(tài)度,和對(duì)幸福目標(biāo)的追尋姿態(tài),都讓我感同身受,噓唏或喜悅”。特別是最后看到房東阿姨的小兒子離鄉(xiāng)遠(yuǎn)行,“她的小兒子目光淡定,飛快地走出院落,又回過(guò)頭來(lái)朝我們揮手笑笑,然后大步踩過(guò)路邊的草木灰,在陽(yáng)光下縮小成一個(gè)移動(dòng)的墨點(diǎn),在遠(yuǎn)山的背景下漸漸消失”,作者感受到生命的流動(dòng)和時(shí)間的變遷,進(jìn)一步深化了對(duì)生命與節(jié)氣之間聯(lián)系的體驗(yàn)。
通過(guò)這些方面的描寫,文章生動(dòng)地抒寫了作者在烏鄉(xiāng)霜降夜的深刻體驗(yàn)感,展現(xiàn)了人與自然、生命與節(jié)氣之間的密切聯(lián)系。
二、古代詩(shī)文閱讀(34分)
。ㄒ唬┪难晕拈喿x(本題共4小題,19分)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下面小題。
人才莫盛于三國(guó),亦惟三國(guó)之主各能用人,故得眾力相扶,以成鼎足之勢(shì)。而其用人亦各有不同者,大概曹操以權(quán)術(shù)相馭,劉備以性情相契,孫氏兄弟以意氣相投。
劉備為呂布所襲奔于操程昱以備有雄才勸操圖之。操曰:“今收攬英雄時(shí),殺一人而失天下之心,不可也!比淮霜q非與操有怨者。臧霸先從陶謙,后助呂布,布為操所擒,霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相。先是操在兗州,以徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州亂,翕、暉皆叛,后操定兗州,翕、暉投霸。至是,操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也。”操嘆其賢。蓋操當(dāng)初起時(shí),方欲藉眾力以成事,故以此奔走天下。及其削平群雄,勢(shì)位已定,則孔融、許攸等,皆以嫌忌殺之。荀彧素為操謀主,亦以其阻九錫而脅之死。然后知其雄猜之性久而自露,而從前之度外用人,特出于矯偽,以濟(jì)一時(shí)之用,所謂以權(quán)術(shù)相馭也。
至劉備,一起事即為人心所向。觀其三顧諸葛,咨以大計(jì),獨(dú)有傅巖爰立之風(fēng)。關(guān)、張、趙云,自少結(jié)契,終身奉以周旋,即羈旅奔逃,無(wú)寸土可以立業(yè),而數(shù)人者患難相隨,別無(wú)貳志。此固數(shù)人者之忠義,而備亦必有深結(jié)其隱微而不可解者矣。至托孤于亮,曰:“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之!鼻лd下猶見(jiàn)其肝膈本懷,豈非真性情之流露?亮第一流人,二國(guó)俱不能得,備獨(dú)能得之,亦可見(jiàn)以誠(chéng)待人之效矣。
至孫氏兄弟之用人,亦自有不可及者。孫策生擒太史慈,即解其縛曰:“子義青州名士,但所托非人耳。孤是卿知己,勿憂不如意也!贝瞬咧檬恳。陸遜鎮(zhèn)西陵,權(quán)刻印置遜所,每與劉禪、諸葛亮?xí),常過(guò)示遜,有不安者,便令改定,以印封行之。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心力者乎?陸遜晚年為楊竺等所譖,憤郁而死。權(quán)后見(jiàn)其子抗,泣曰:“吾前聽(tīng)讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負(fù)汝。”以人主而自悔其過(guò),開(kāi)誠(chéng)告語(yǔ)如此,其誰(shuí)不感泣?此孫氏兄弟之用人,所謂以意氣相感也。
。ü(jié)選自趙翼《廿二史札記》卷七)
10. 文中畫波浪線的部分有三處需要斷句,請(qǐng)用鉛筆將答題卡上相應(yīng)位置的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
劉備為呂布A所襲B奔C于操D程昱E以備F有雄才G勸操H圖之。
11. 下列對(duì)文中加點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解說(shuō),不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 藉,憑借、借助,與《陳涉世家》中“藉第令毋斬”的“藉”意思相同。
B. 即,即使,與《桃花源記》中“太守即遣人隨其往”的“即”意思不同。
C. 固,固然,與《赤壁賦》中“固一世之雄也,而今安在哉”的“固”意思相同。
D. 但,只是,與《記承天寺夜游》中“但少閑人如吾兩人者耳”的“但”意思相同。
12. 下列對(duì)原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概述,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 臧霸曾為呂布效力,曹操擒捉呂布以后,臧霸為避禍藏匿起來(lái);后來(lái)他又被曹操捕獲,曹操不計(jì)前嫌,對(duì)他委以重任,任命他為瑯邪相。
B. 曹操初起時(shí)為圖霸業(yè),能籠絡(luò)人才,甚至能任用曾與己有怨者;勢(shì)位已定時(shí)則猜忌異己,濫殺無(wú)辜。這正是其用人“以權(quán)術(shù)相馭”的表現(xiàn)。
C. 劉備以性情結(jié)交忠義之士,以誠(chéng)待人,故能深得人心;劉備創(chuàng)業(yè)過(guò)程中多次遭遇挫折,但諸葛亮及關(guān)、張、趙云等人患難相隨,忠貞不渝。
D. 陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵時(shí),深得孫權(quán)信任,孫權(quán)給劉禪、諸葛亮寫信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定;到了晚年,陸遜遭到讒害,郁郁而終。
13. 把文中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
(1)操使霸出二人,霸曰:“霸所以能自立者,以不為此也。”
。2)吾前聽(tīng)讒言,與汝父大義不篤,以此負(fù)汝。
【答案】10. BDG 11. A 12. A
13. (1)曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個(gè)人,臧霸說(shuō):“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因?yàn)椴蛔鲞@樣的事情!
(2)我以前聽(tīng)信讒言,與令尊的關(guān)系不夠深厚,因此辜負(fù)了你。
【解析】
【10題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生文言文斷句的能力。
句意:劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認(rèn)為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。
“為……所”表被動(dòng),“襲”是動(dòng)詞,“劉備為呂布所襲”是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,所以從“襲”后B處斷開(kāi);
“奔于操”承接前邊主語(yǔ)“劉備”,“奔”是謂語(yǔ),“操”是賓語(yǔ),結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以從“于操”后D處斷開(kāi);
“以”是“程昱”的謂語(yǔ),“備有雄才”是賓語(yǔ),“程昱以備有雄才”句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以從“有雄才”后G處斷開(kāi)。
故選BDG。
【11題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文言詞語(yǔ)中的一詞多義現(xiàn)象的理解能力。
A.錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)“藉”意思不同!敖濉,憑借、借助;/即使。句意:正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè)。/即使僅能免于斬刑。
B.正確。即,即使;/立即。句意:即使在顛沛流離、無(wú)立足之地時(shí)。/太守立即派遣人員跟隨他前往。
C.正確。句意:這固然是幾人的忠義。/(曹孟德)固然是當(dāng)世的一位英雄人物,然而現(xiàn)在又在哪里呢?
D.正確。句意:只是所托非人罷了。/只是缺少像我們兩個(gè)這樣清閑的人罷了。
故選A。
【12題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解文章內(nèi)容的能力。
A.“后來(lái)他又被曹操捕獲”理解錯(cuò)誤,根據(jù)原文“霸藏匿,操募得之,即以霸為瑯邪相”可知,臧霸并不是被曹操捕獲,而是曹操通過(guò)招募的方式找到臧霸,并任命他為瑯邪相。
故選A。
【13題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生理解并翻譯文言文句子的能力。
。1)“出”,交出;“所以”,……的原因;“以”,因?yàn);“……也”,表判斷?/p>
。2)“前”,以前;“篤”,深厚;“負(fù)”,辜負(fù)。
參考譯文:
三國(guó)時(shí)期的人才可謂是最為鼎盛的,這也得益于三國(guó)的君主各自善于用人,因此能夠匯聚眾人的力量,形成三足鼎立的局面。然而,他們用人的方式各有不同。大致來(lái)說(shuō),曹操是以權(quán)術(shù)駕馭人,劉備是以性情結(jié)交人,孫氏兄弟則是以意氣感召人。
劉備被呂布襲擊后,投奔曹操,程昱認(rèn)為劉備有雄才,勸曹操圖謀除掉他。曹操說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在是收攬英雄的時(shí)候,殺一個(gè)人會(huì)失去天下人的心,這是不可以的!比欢@還不是與曹操有怨的人。臧霸先是跟隨陶謙,后來(lái)幫助呂布,呂布被曹操擒獲后,臧霸藏匿起來(lái)。曹操通過(guò)招募的方式找到臧霸,立即任命他為瑯邪相。早先,曹操在兗州時(shí),任用徐翕、毛暉為將,兗州發(fā)生動(dòng)亂,徐翕、毛暉都叛變了。后來(lái)曹操平定兗州,徐翕、毛暉投奔臧霸。到這時(shí),曹操讓臧霸交出那兩個(gè)人,臧霸說(shuō):“我之所以能夠自立的原因,是因?yàn)椴蛔鲞@樣的事情!辈懿賴@息他的賢能。曹操當(dāng)初起事時(shí),正是想借助眾人的力量成就大業(yè),所以以此奔走天下。等到他削平群雄,勢(shì)位已定時(shí),孔融、許攸等人都因嫌忌被殺。荀彧一直是曹操的謀主,也因?yàn)樽柚共懿俳邮芫佩a而被逼死。由此可見(jiàn),曹操的雄猜之性久而自露,而從前的寬容用人,只是出于權(quán)宜之計(jì),以應(yīng)一時(shí)之需,這就是所謂的以權(quán)術(shù)駕馭人。
至于劉備,一起事就為人心所向?此櫭⿵]請(qǐng)諸葛亮出山,咨詢大計(jì),獨(dú)有傅巖立賢的風(fēng)范。關(guān)羽、張飛、趙云,自年輕時(shí)結(jié)交,終身相隨,即使在顛沛流離、無(wú)立足之地時(shí),這幾人也患難與共,毫無(wú)二心。這固然是幾人的忠義,但劉備也必定有深厚的情感紐帶令人不能解開(kāi)。到托孤于諸葛亮?xí)r,劉備說(shuō):“嗣子可輔,輔之;不可輔,則君自取之!鼻лd之下仍能見(jiàn)其肝膽相照,豈不是性情的流露?諸葛亮是第一流的人才,其他兩國(guó)都不能得到,唯獨(dú)劉備能得到他,這也可見(jiàn)以誠(chéng)待人的效果。
至于孫氏兄弟用人,也各自有別人比不了之處。孫策生擒太史慈后,立即解開(kāi)他的綁縛,說(shuō):“子義是青州名士,只是所托非人罷了。我是你的知己,不用擔(dān)心不如意!边@是孫策得士的表現(xiàn)。陸遜鎮(zhèn)守西陵,孫權(quán)把印章放在陸遜那里,每次與劉禪、諸葛亮通信,常常給陸遜看,有不妥之處就讓他改定,然后蓋上印章發(fā)出。委任如此,臣下有不感知遇而竭心盡力的嗎?陸遜晚年被楊竺等人讒害,憤郁而死。孫權(quán)后來(lái)見(jiàn)到陸遜的兒子陸抗,哭著說(shuō):“我以前聽(tīng)信讒言,與令尊的關(guān)系不夠深厚,因此辜負(fù)了你!弊鳛榫髂茏曰谄溥^(guò),像這樣開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公地告知,誰(shuí)能不感動(dòng)流淚呢?這就是孫氏兄弟用人,這就是所說(shuō)的以意氣感人的表現(xiàn)。
(二)古代詩(shī)歌閱讀(本題共2小題,9分)
閱讀下面詩(shī)歌,回答后面問(wèn)題。
次韻錢遜叔泛舟虹橋①
宋·呂本中
半篙春漲綠平溪,二月江城草色齊。
舟比蜉蝣千頃外,□同斥鷃一枝棲②。
野橋柳線斜風(fēng)軟,曲檻花光夕照低。
卻訝探驪人不至③,清樽畫航倩分題④。
[注]①次韻:依次用所和詩(shī)中的韻作詩(shī)。②本句首字原缺。③探驪:這里指精通寫詩(shī)作文。④分題:詩(shī)人聚會(huì),分題目而賦詩(shī)。
14. 下列對(duì)這首詩(shī)的理解和賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 詩(shī)歌開(kāi)篇寫春水、草色,圍繞色彩落筆,營(yíng)造出一種愉悅的情感氛圍。
B. 春水新漲,水面遼闊寬廣,在波間漂浮的船只顯得如同蜉蝣一樣細(xì)小。
C. 斥鷃見(jiàn)于《莊子·逍遙游》,用來(lái)與鵬做對(duì)比,因此詩(shī)中缺字應(yīng)是“鵬”。
D. 詩(shī)歌的尾聯(lián)寫到了“分題”,以此收束,與題目中的“次韻”形成照應(yīng)。
15. 請(qǐng)賞析頸聯(lián)“野橋柳線斜風(fēng)軟,曲檻花光夕照低”中“軟”“低”二字藝術(shù)效果。
【答案】14. C 15. “軟”字形容斜風(fēng)的溫柔輕柔,營(yíng)造出寧?kù)o和諧的氛圍;“低”字描繪夕照的柔和低垂,增強(qiáng)了畫面的層次感和詩(shī)意,使景象更生動(dòng)。
【解析】
【14題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)歌解讀中存在問(wèn)題進(jìn)行邏輯判斷及對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的理解和分析的能力。
C.“……對(duì)比,因此詩(shī)中缺字應(yīng)是‘鵬’”錯(cuò)誤,前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。缺字一句可以有兩種解釋:一是缺字表示的事物與斥鷃一起棲息在樹(shù)枝上;二是該事物像斥鷃一樣棲息在樹(shù)枝上。參照上句中的“比”字,后一種理解符合原意的可能性較大。但無(wú)論是哪一種理解,缺字都不可能是“鵬”字。鵬與斥鷃是《逍遙游》用來(lái)論述“小大之辨”的兩個(gè)例證,斥鷃是一種小鳥(niǎo),是可以棲息在樹(shù)枝之上的;而鵬則龐大得不可思議,它“背若泰山,翼若垂天之云”,無(wú)法想象它可以在樹(shù)枝上棲息。當(dāng)然,“一枝”也可能是一個(gè)比喻,用來(lái)表示狹窄的空間,那也同樣不是鵬所能棲息的。
故選C。
【15題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生鑒賞煉字藝術(shù)效果的能力。
用字精當(dāng)以追求表現(xiàn)力的最大化,是歷代文人在文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中極為重視的問(wèn)題,詩(shī)歌中尤其如此。本題要求賞析“軟”“低”二字的藝術(shù)效果,需要學(xué)生借助聯(lián)想和想象品味語(yǔ)言,并把自己的體驗(yàn)和感受用文字表達(dá)出來(lái)。
“軟”字用來(lái)形容斜風(fēng),傳達(dá)出春風(fēng)的溫柔和輕柔。斜風(fēng)拂過(guò)野橋上的柳條,柳條隨風(fēng)輕輕搖曳,給人一種柔和、舒適的感覺(jué)。這個(gè)字不僅描繪了春風(fēng)的特質(zhì),還營(yíng)造出一種寧?kù)o、和諧的氛圍,使讀者仿佛置身于春日的美景中,感受到春風(fēng)的溫暖和柔情。
“低”字用來(lái)形容夕照,描繪了夕陽(yáng)西下時(shí)光線逐漸變低的景象。夕陽(yáng)的余暉灑在曲折的欄桿和花朵上,光線柔和而低垂,給人一種溫馨、寧?kù)o的感覺(jué)。這個(gè)字不僅描繪了夕陽(yáng)的特質(zhì),還增強(qiáng)了畫面的層次感和立體感,使整個(gè)景象顯得更加生動(dòng)和富有詩(shī)意。
通過(guò)“軟”和“低”兩個(gè)字,詩(shī)人成功地描繪了春日黃昏時(shí)分的美麗景象,傳達(dá)出一種寧?kù)o、溫柔的氛圍。這兩個(gè)字不僅準(zhǔn)確地刻畫了自然景物的特征,還增強(qiáng)了詩(shī)歌的畫面感和感染力,使讀者能夠身臨其境地感受到春日的美好與寧?kù)o。
。ㄈ┟淠瑢懀ū绢}共1小題,6分)
16. 補(bǔ)寫出下列句子中的空缺部分。
。1)王灣《次北固山下》的名句“____________,____________”,描寫時(shí)序交替中的景物,暗示著時(shí)光流逝,蘊(yùn)含著自然理趣。
。2)小慧為朋友家的農(nóng)家樂(lè)餐廳寫宣傳橫幅,直接使用了陸游《游山西村》里的“____________,____________”兩句詩(shī),朋友看了覺(jué)得很貼切。
。3)行至群山深處,見(jiàn)到一掛瀑布飛瀉而下,水石激蕩,轟鳴作響。于老師回頭對(duì)學(xué)生們說(shuō):“這不就是古詩(shī)中寫的‘____________,____________’嘛!”
【答案】 ①. 海日生殘夜 ②. 江春入舊年 ③. 山重水復(fù)疑無(wú)路 ④. 柳暗花明又一村 ⑤. 飛流直下三千尺 ⑥. 疑是銀河落九天(飛湍瀑流爭(zhēng)喧豗,砯崖轉(zhuǎn)石萬(wàn)壑雷)
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生默寫常見(jiàn)的名篇名句的能力。
易錯(cuò)字詞有:生、暗、喧豗,砯崖、壑。
三、語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用(20分)
(一)語(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅰ(本題共4小題,14分)
閱讀下面的文字,完成下面小題。
天山可謂家喻戶曉,但真正了解它的人恐怕不多。怎樣算是真正了解天山呢?不妨做個(gè)測(cè)試。你閉上眼睛,念出“天山”這個(gè)名字,試試看,能不能想象出一幅天山的全景圖來(lái)?在這幅全景圖里,山脈或平行或交錯(cuò),許多巨大的、汽車要開(kāi)上很久很久的盆地坐落其間。兩座威嚴(yán)的雪峰——托木爾峰和汗騰格里峰巍然聳立,俯視著周邊十多座海拔6000米以上的山峰。帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入的暖濕氣流造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。博斯騰湖碧水連天,賽里木湖晶瑩澄澈,艾比湖“鹽”裝素裹,天池靜臥在蒼翠環(huán)繞之中……①如果在你的腦海中,②能包羅萬(wàn)象地浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅全景圖,③圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的任何山脈、盆地、雪峰,④還有河流、和湖泊,⑤你就算真正了解天山了。
17. 下列句子中的“要”與文中加點(diǎn)的“要”,意義相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 描繪“寒風(fēng)掃高木”的景況,用“木”字要比用“樹(shù)”字更合適。
B. 蓮花池邊有個(gè)小酒店,我們走進(jìn)去,打了半斤酒,還要了些菜。
C. 臺(tái)兒溝沒(méi)有學(xué)校,香雪每天上學(xué)要到十五里以外的公社去。
D. 等棗樹(shù)的葉子落盡,樹(shù)上的棗子紅完,西北風(fēng)就要起來(lái)了。
18. 請(qǐng)將文中畫橫線的部分改成幾個(gè)較短的語(yǔ)句?梢愿淖冋Z(yǔ)序、少量增刪詞語(yǔ),但不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
19. 下列句子中畫波浪線的詞語(yǔ)與文中畫波浪線的“蒼翠”,所用的修辭手法相同的一項(xiàng)是( )
A. 煙花向上空沖去,下落時(shí)便灑散著滿天花雨。
B. 魯迅先生穿著樸素的長(zhǎng)衫,從容地坐在西裝領(lǐng)帶們旁邊。
C. 夏天的雨是熱情洋溢的,喜歡不打招呼就前來(lái)拜訪。
D. 微風(fēng)過(guò)處,送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的。
20. 文中標(biāo)序號(hào)的部分有兩處表述不當(dāng),請(qǐng)指出其序號(hào)并做修改,使語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確流暢,邏輯嚴(yán)密。不得改變?cè)狻?/p>
【答案】17. C 18. 示例(1):暖濕氣流帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地,以及水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。
示例(2):帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了一片片麥浪滾滾的田地和水草豐美的牧場(chǎng)。
19. B 20. 序號(hào)②修改為:能浮現(xiàn)出這樣一幅包羅萬(wàn)象的全景圖;
序號(hào)③修改為:圖上呈現(xiàn)了天山的所有山脈、雪峰、盆地;
序號(hào)④修改為: 還有河流、湖泊(還有河流和湖泊) 。
【解析】
【17題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境義的能力。
文中“要”意思是需要。
A.表示估計(jì),用于比較。
B.討。表示希望將某種事物歸自己所有 。
C.需要。
D.即將來(lái)臨。
故選C。
【18題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生變換句式的能力。
所謂長(zhǎng)句一般是修飾限制成分多,或者主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)部分比較復(fù)雜。畫線句屬于修飾成分多,賓語(yǔ)復(fù)雜。
首先確定句子主干,“暖濕氣流造就了田地和牧場(chǎng)”,讓主干單獨(dú)成句;
然后把復(fù)雜部分按照語(yǔ)法規(guī)則加以拆分,比如定語(yǔ)拿出來(lái)單獨(dú)成句,“帶著充沛的水汽在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入”,作為句子時(shí)需要添加主語(yǔ)“暖濕氣流”;
然后強(qiáng)調(diào)一下兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),比如“田地里一片片麥浪滾滾”“牧場(chǎng)上水草豐美”;
最后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系組合成包含幾個(gè)短句的復(fù)句,除了參考答案,還可以表述為:帶著充沛水汽的暖濕氣流在伊犁河谷一路長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入,它造就了田地和牧場(chǎng),田地里一片片麥浪滾滾,牧場(chǎng)上水草豐美。
【19題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析修辭手法的能力。
文中“蒼翠”屬于借代修辭,顏色代樹(shù)木。
A.比喻修辭,把漫天灑散的煙花比喻成“雨”;
B.借代修辭,用西裝領(lǐng)帶借指人們;
C.擬人修辭,賦予自然現(xiàn)象“雨”以人的特點(diǎn)“熱情洋溢”“喜歡”“打招呼”“拜訪”;
D.通感手法,溝通了視聽(tīng)兩種感官,把鼻子嗅到的“清香”比喻成耳朵聽(tīng)到的“歌聲”。
故選B。
【20題詳解】
本題考查學(xué)生辨析并修改病句的能力。
序號(hào)②語(yǔ)序不當(dāng),“浮現(xiàn)”是客觀詞語(yǔ),不能用“包羅萬(wàn)象”修飾,應(yīng)該放在“全景”前。
序號(hào)③用詞不當(dāng),把“任何”刪掉或改為“所有”;語(yǔ)序不當(dāng),并列詞語(yǔ)間應(yīng)該有視覺(jué)順序,比如由高到低,“盆地” 放在后面,與低處的“河流”“湖泊”能更好地銜接。
序號(hào)④成分贅余,有了頓號(hào)沒(méi)必要加“和” ,刪掉頓號(hào)或“和” 。
。ǘ┱Z(yǔ)言文字運(yùn)用Ⅱ(本題共1小題,6分)
21. 下面的文字是一位老奶奶在醫(yī)院看病時(shí)的自述,不夠簡(jiǎn)明扼要,不利于和醫(yī)生高效溝通。請(qǐng)對(duì)這段自述進(jìn)行縮寫。要求:保留必要信息,不超過(guò)80個(gè)字。
大夫好!今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間隊(duì)才看上。我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào)了,這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的,好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看。是這么回事兒。昨天晚上我老閨女來(lái)家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過(guò)飯看著電視,我就開(kāi)始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。我試了很多辦法,一會(huì)兒躺著,一會(huì)兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒(méi)有用。閨女要帶我來(lái)醫(yī)院,我說(shuō)天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說(shuō)吧,然后就睡覺(jué)了。今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動(dòng),一晃就更疼了,就趕緊來(lái)醫(yī)院了。
【答案】大夫好!我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào),一直在這兒看高血壓和糖尿病。昨天晚上吃完飯后開(kāi)始頭疼,先是頭頂一圈疼,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。今天早上醒來(lái)仍然頭疼,頭一動(dòng)就更疼,所以趕緊來(lái)醫(yī)院了。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生提煉概括核心信息、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確簡(jiǎn)明的能力。
首先刪除冗余:
排隊(duì)時(shí)間、與醫(yī)生的寒暄、扭傷腳踝的舊事、與女兒的互動(dòng)、嘗試的無(wú)效緩解方法等信息可以壓縮掉,比如“今天看病的人太多了,我排了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間隊(duì)才看上”“好多年前有一次扭傷了腳踝,也是在你們這兒看好的,您可得給我好好看看”“我試了很多辦法,一會(huì)兒躺著,一會(huì)兒坐著,大口喘氣,戴上帽子捂著,都沒(méi)有用。閨女要帶我來(lái)醫(yī)院,我說(shuō)天太冷了,明天可能就好了,明天再說(shuō)吧,然后就睡覺(jué)了”,冗長(zhǎng)啰嗦,屬于多余信息,忽略不計(jì)。
然后提煉出有效信息:
。1)由“我是你們醫(yī)院的老病號(hào)了,這么多年……一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出患者身份:老病號(hào),長(zhǎng)期在該醫(yī)院看病。
。2)由“這么多年我的高血壓和糖尿病一直是在你們醫(yī)院看的”提煉出病史信息:高血壓和糖尿病。
。3)由“昨天晚上我老閨女來(lái)家里,我們一起吃的晚飯。吃過(guò)飯看著電視,我就開(kāi)始頭疼”提煉出病痛時(shí)間:昨晚開(kāi)始。
。4)由“先是頭頂一圈疼,一跳一跳的,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼”“今天早上醒了還疼,頭也不敢動(dòng),一晃就更疼了”提煉出癥狀:頭頂一圈疼,后來(lái)整個(gè)頭都疼。今天早上醒來(lái)仍然頭疼,頭一動(dòng)就更疼;就診原因:頭疼持續(xù)未見(jiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)。
最后組織語(yǔ)言:
將關(guān)鍵信息按時(shí)間順序和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行組織,使表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔明了,條理清晰。
四、作文(60分)
22. 閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)要求寫作。
每個(gè)人都要學(xué)習(xí)與他人相處。有時(shí),我們?yōu)楸苊鉀_突而不愿表達(dá)自己的想法。其實(shí),坦誠(chéng)交流才有可能迎來(lái)真正的相遇。
這引發(fā)了你怎樣的聯(lián)想和思考?請(qǐng)寫一篇文章。
要求:選準(zhǔn)角度,確定立意,明確文體,自擬標(biāo)題;不要套作,不得抄襲;不得泄露個(gè)人信息;不少于800字。
【答案】例文
心跡不掩,英雄本色
現(xiàn)代社會(huì),人際錯(cuò)綜,在群體相處的復(fù)雜過(guò)程中,人們往往為了提高“隱蔽性”、增加安全感而掩藏心跡、力求“大同”,生怕被人看穿自己的“底牌”,拿住自己的“軟肋”。其實(shí),一味遮掩閃躲、矯飾趨眾并不是緩和矛盾、尋求認(rèn)同的妙方,唯有率真坦蕩、直露心跡,方能彰顯個(gè)性魅力,吸引同頻摯友,贏得社會(huì)尊重。
不掩心跡,敢于直陳與眾各異的觀點(diǎn)、表達(dá)獨(dú)特?zé)o二的看法,既不畏懼因成為大眾眼中的“少數(shù)人”而被視為異類,也不擔(dān)憂因無(wú)法追隨主流的腳步而倍覺(jué)孤獨(dú),即使為時(shí)人所訕笑、不解、嘲諷譏刺甚至排斥孤立,仍始終保持獨(dú)立思考的態(tài)度,呵護(hù)不易動(dòng)搖的本心,以敢當(dāng)千夫所指、無(wú)懼踽踽獨(dú)行的執(zhí)著剛毅行走于朗朗世間,以不肯隨波逐流、拒絕人云亦云的明亮坦蕩彰顯著大勇大慧。
不掩心跡,樂(lè)于袒露不加偽飾的性情、展示多有瑕疵的真我,既不遮掩粉飾并不完美的“黑暗層”、真?zhèn)性,也不追求浮夸矯造的假“人設(shè)”、高“友商”,即使知音寥寥,同行無(wú)幾,仍始終保存雖有缺陷卻不失特色的真面目,懷抱雖感落寞而不改本我的真風(fēng)骨,以不因寂寥而盲目迎合、不因從眾而勉強(qiáng)改變的實(shí)言實(shí)行對(duì)抗一眾“假面”,以心口如一的磊落灑脫、率直天真的霽月光風(fēng)對(duì)抗著諸如“守口如瓶,防意如城”之類的人情“箴言”。
不掩心跡之杰出人物,古今皆眾。前有“必不堪者七”和“甚不可者二”的嵇康直拒司馬政權(quán)邀請(qǐng),“行不為飾,動(dòng)求真適”的孟浩然直陳胸中“不才明主棄”的郁結(jié)之氣,聲震朝野的“拗相公”王安石直言對(duì)京官高職的排斥反感;后有“不要遷就什么,也不要盲目地去追什么潮流”的優(yōu)客工場(chǎng)創(chuàng)始人毛大慶直評(píng)創(chuàng)業(yè)心路,“能爬珠穆朗瑪干嗎還要爬那些小山”的中科院院士顏寧直揚(yáng)凌云之志……心跡所顯,本色所向,英雄之氣,難掩行藏。
誠(chéng)然,尋求群體接納,渴望社會(huì)認(rèn)同本是人之常情,隱藏真實(shí)想法、力求避免沖突的處世態(tài)度并非不可理解。但若是人人都掩藏心跡,不愿坦誠(chéng),交接之間含糊其辭、虛與委蛇,唯恐自己的“全拋一片心”碰上了對(duì)方的“且說(shuō)三分話”, 生怕首先暴露了自己的真實(shí)態(tài)度、客觀情緒而喪失主動(dòng)權(quán),如此,人與人之間的溫情善意、赤誠(chéng)真摯將不復(fù)存在,人們將永遠(yuǎn)保持著所謂的“安全距離”而無(wú)法觸碰彼此的靈魂,永遠(yuǎn)受困于身邊的“無(wú)效社交”而無(wú)法脫離原始的恐懼與孤獨(dú)。
“唯大英雄能本色,是真名士自風(fēng)流!焙吆吖⒄谡谘谘诓⒎菨(rùn)滑人際、左右逢源的“萬(wàn)金油”,直率天然、簡(jiǎn)單澄澈方為提升格局、收獲美滿的“強(qiáng)心針”。不掩心跡,方顯英雄本色,展露真我,笑迎盛放人生。
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查學(xué)生寫作的能力。
審題:
這是一道引語(yǔ)式材料作文題。
材料意在引導(dǎo)青少年形成健康正向的人際交往理念,關(guān)鍵句“坦誠(chéng)交流才有可能遇到真正的相遇”直接指明中心論點(diǎn)和寫作方向,把握住“坦誠(chéng)交流”一詞,則易進(jìn)行文章構(gòu)思。
與他人相處時(shí),不愿表達(dá)真實(shí)想法,因此人云亦云、從眾而談、唯唯諾諾,無(wú)非出于尋求群體、避免矛盾、保護(hù)自我的心理,固然能暫時(shí)起到潤(rùn)滑關(guān)系、規(guī)避沖突的作用,但長(zhǎng)此以往,則會(huì)使人喪失個(gè)性,面目模糊,看似左右逢源,實(shí)則孤獨(dú)自苦,既無(wú)法培養(yǎng)起勇敢表達(dá)、直抒己見(jiàn)的能力,也錯(cuò)過(guò)與同頻的朋友交流、相知的良機(jī)。
坦誠(chéng)交流,既可以勾勒真實(shí)自我,讓群體認(rèn)識(shí)、了解自己,更能夠吸引到認(rèn)同、欣賞自己的“同類”,在共性的基礎(chǔ)上建立起牢固真實(shí)的友情;既可以擺脫虛言矯飾的疲憊,克服怕做“異類”、怕成“孤島”的畏縮情緒,更能以我口說(shuō)我心的姿態(tài)消除他人對(duì)自己的假性印象,釋放由持續(xù)掩飾偽裝帶來(lái)的精神壓力;既是一種不懼發(fā)聲、敢于袒露的膽量、勇氣,更是一種磊落灑脫、質(zhì)樸天然的人生態(tài)度?傊,唯有坦誠(chéng)交流,適合的機(jī)會(huì)、同質(zhì)的朋友、應(yīng)得的利益、獨(dú)特的魅力……才會(huì)和自己有一場(chǎng)“真正的相遇”。
寫作時(shí),可以先明確提出論點(diǎn)——“坦誠(chéng)交流”,然后分別從坦誠(chéng)能夠吸引真正的朋友、贏得應(yīng)有的尊重,能夠培養(yǎng)磊落的品行、鍛煉堅(jiān)韌的心志等方面進(jìn)行論述;再?gòu)姆捶矫婕僭O(shè)人人都戴上面具、不肯坦誠(chéng),將會(huì)對(duì)人際關(guān)系造成怎樣的打擊、對(duì)和諧社會(huì)造成怎樣的破壞;接下來(lái)聯(lián)系實(shí)際,適當(dāng)批駁現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中某些提倡“圓穩(wěn)”、曲解“中庸”的亂象;最后總結(jié)觀點(diǎn),收束全文。
立意:
1.率真為人,英雄本色。
2.展露真我,不斂鋒芒。
3.坦以承己,誠(chéng)以待人。
4.袒露心跡,同向而行。
2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(全國(guó)甲卷)
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科
第一部分 聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié), 滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分7. 5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后, 你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?
A. A new restaurant. B. A convenience store. C. Their office.
2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?
A. On Thursday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday.
3. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To check the price. B. To make an apology. C. To cancel her order.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Salesperson and customer.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their move to a new place. B. Toms friends at school. C. A sports center.
第二節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分22. 5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題, 從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前, 你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題, 每小題5秒鐘; 聽(tīng)完后, 各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6 段材料, 回答第6、7題。
6. What does the girl tell her dad?
A. She decides to quit college.
B. She worries about her academic ability.
C. She is unpopular with her classmates.
7. How does the father help his daughter?
A. By telling a funny joke. B. By sharing his own story. C. By planning a school tour.
聽(tīng)第7段材料, 回答第8 至 10題。
8. Who is the man?
A. A researcher. B. A bird watcher. C. A radio host.
9. When do birds sing quieter?
A. On weekend mornings. B. During rush hours. C. In early evenings.
10. What is Dr. Zollinger going to do next?
A. Summarize her studies. B. Play some recordings. C. Answer more questions.
聽(tīng)第8段材料, 回答第11至13題。
11. Where was Jena born?
A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In Australia.
12. How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Ten.
13. What do we know about Mikes parents?
A. They enjoy living abroad.
B. They first met at the age of 20.
C. They will start their own company.
聽(tīng)第9段材料, 回答第14至16題。
14. What is the first question to Mr. Green about?
A. His adventure in space. B. His physical condition. C. His doctors advice.
15. How does Mr. Green feel about traveling to Mars?
A. Its unlikely to happen.
B. Its physically demanding.
C. Its a chance not to be missed.
16. Which is Mr. Greens favorite movie?
A. Apollo 13. B. Blue Earth. C. Space Station.
聽(tīng)第10段材料, 回答第17至20題。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Giving a report.
B. Introducing a musical play.
C. Making an announcement.
18. What are the students expected to do?
A. Carry school flags. B. Wear fun clothes. C. Design fancy masks.
19. Where can the parents stand and watch?
A. On the sidewalk. B. On the playground. C. In front of the office.
20. What should the students do if they dont take part?
A. Let their teacher know. B. Stay in the lecture hall. C. Do some reading.
參考答案
1-5ACBCA 6-10 BBCAB
11-15 ABABC 16-20ACBCA
聽(tīng)力原文
(Text 1)
W: Look, we have time for hamburgar at this former restaurant.
W: Forget that. I know a new restaurant on Maple Street not far from our company. Is that okay with you?
M: Perfect.
(Text 2)
M: Hi,Vicky. I remember our class presentation is on Wednesday,but you said its on Thursday. Are you sure?
W: Sorry. It was a slip of the tongue. I meant Tuesday for sure.
(Text 3)
M: Allens furniture. Can I help you?
W: Hi. Im the one who asked about the price of a glass tea table top. Just now Im sorry,I made a mistake. The size should be 75 centimeters by 50 centimeters.
M: Oh. Thatll make a difference in the price. Hold on and let me find out.
(Text 4)
W: These are our new arrivals. Every man should own at least one woollen sweater. Dont you think?
M: I agree. Any suggestions?
W: The one with two pockets sells best this year?Lightweight and stylish. Would you like to try it on?
(Text 5)
W: How do you like your school,Tom?
M: Oh, I like it a lot and I also like the area. The nearby recreation center is cool. Thank you,mom.
W: What really leaves you happy with your new home?
(Text 6)
W: I dont know if I want to go to college,I dont think Ill do very well there,
M: Why not?
W: Because Im not smart.
M: Ye, It can be scary.
W: Did you ever come close to dropping out, Dad?
M: No. But I worried a lot before I went,I thought college would be full of brains. Once I got there,I found out that most of the kids were just like me.
(Text 7)
M: Hello,listeners. People around the world are reporting that birds are much louder these days. Now Ive connected with doctor salinger and lets hear what she will say.
W: We feel that theyre singing louder because they sing in typically noisy places. But when the noise is gone,they sing quieter than they normally do.
M: In other words,birds are like us in a noisy bar,for example,people will raise their voices.
W: Exactly. We know that birds sing quieter on the weekend mornings.
(Text 8)
M: Hi. I dont think weve met before. Im Mike.
W: Hi,Mike. My name is Gina. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you,Gina. Where do you come from?
W: Originally Im from Canada,but we moved to australia when I was about 5 years old now. My parents live in Tokyo. How about you, Mike?
M: I was born in Glasgow and we lived there until I was six. Then since my father worked for an international trade company,we moved all over the place.
W: Yeah. Where are some of the places youve lived?
M: Most of the time we lived abroad?We spent a total of 10 years in Japan,Germany and Korea. We came back to the UK only 2 years ago,but I think my parents would prefer to stay overseas for another 20 years.
W: Wow. It sounds like youve had an interesting life.
(Text 9)
W: Good morning. Welcome the space hero, Mr Green to my studio.
M: Hello. Maria. Hello,my dear friends.
W: Well. Lets start from the first question I collected from the audience. Did you have any moments of dizziness since he landed back on the earth.
M: The first 3 days back were pretty tough. Your body system is all messed up. So you feel dizzy. Its quite normal,though.
W: Thanks. Another question. Would you go for the first manned Mars travel, If you have the chance?
M: Absolutely. A trip to Mars is hugely exciting. Im always ready for it.
W: I know you can watch movies on the space station. Whats your favorite space movie?Some people asked.
M: Apollo 13 is probably my top one. My sons love blue earth. It was brilliant watching the new movie on board the space station.
(Text 10)
W : Our next dress up day will be on friday,October 28th, and it is our annual dress up day. On this day,students may dress up in fun clothes and there will be a march around the school. Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such as knives and swords. Please make sure that you can see and breathe easily if you wear masks. Parents are invited to watch the event but are asked to stand either in front of the office near the flagpole or in the grassy courtyard,the students will be marching around on the sidewalks. So we do need to keep all sidewalks clear. Parents and friends may also join in the march if they are dressed in appropriate clothes. But if youre just watching,wed like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams. Students who do not wish to take part in the event for religious or other reasons should inform their teacher and they will be allowed to stay in the office until after the event.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié), 滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題; 每小題2. 5分, 滿分37. 5分)
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard communitys artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物) create some of natures most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工藝) materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potters wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (編織).
1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.
2. Which program will you join if youre interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
3. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts.
C Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了ARTS FIRST藝術(shù)節(jié)的相關(guān)藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)制作活動(dòng),并且邀請(qǐng)熱愛(ài)的學(xué)生或社區(qū)成員加入。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我們期待著您的到來(lái),我們將通過(guò)表演、藝術(shù)展覽和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)來(lái)展示哈佛藝術(shù)界的創(chuàng)造力。)”以及下文的四個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”;“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(沒(méi)有骨氣的藝術(shù)家:無(wú)脊椎的創(chuàng)造力)”;“Wheel Throwing (投擲輪子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (編織和制作毛絨球)”可推知,ARTS FIRST是提供娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的。故選C項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (與哈佛藝術(shù)博物館材料實(shí)驗(yàn)室的專家一起了解水彩顏料的材料和質(zhì)量。在即將到來(lái)的“1880 — 1990年美國(guó)水彩畫:進(jìn)入光”展覽中,嘗試一下藝術(shù)家們使用的一些繪畫技巧。)”可知,如果對(duì)畫畫感興趣,可以參加Light Awash in Watercolor。故選A項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (無(wú)脊椎藝術(shù)家:無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物的創(chuàng)造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛歷史博物館的Javier Marin一起學(xué)習(xí)昆蟲(chóng)和其他自然無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物是如何跳舞、啟發(fā)時(shí)尚和創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的。同時(shí)用手工材料制作你自己的無(wú)脊椎藝術(shù)家。)”可知,參與者能跟Javier Marin一起進(jìn)行手工制作。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (聲音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and youre able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. Thats why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they dont usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit thats been present in all kinds of predators (食肉動(dòng)物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that its been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
4. What can be learned about cats meowing from the first paragraph?
A. Its a survival skill. B. Its taught by mother cats.
C. Its hard to interpret. D. Its getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cats Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過(guò)叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物來(lái)表達(dá)需求、評(píng)估環(huán)境和展示愛(ài)意。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (聲音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (動(dòng)物可以用很多方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的需求。例如,幾乎所有的動(dòng)物都有獨(dú)特的聲音,它們依靠這些聲音來(lái)尋求幫助,嚇跑危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物或?qū)ふ冶幼o(hù)。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (貓寶寶一出生就開(kāi)始喵喵叫,喵喵叫是為了引起媽媽的注意和被喂食。)”可知,貓叫聲是一種生存技能。故選A。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (貓有許多敏銳的感官,但它們的嗅覺(jué)令人印象深刻。它們用鼻子來(lái)評(píng)估周圍的環(huán)境,尋找任何危險(xiǎn)的跡象。)”可知,寵物貓通過(guò)檢查氣味來(lái)評(píng)估不同情況。故選C。
【6題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習(xí)慣而聞名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (許多貓會(huì)在外面隨意找到一些東西,并把它們帶給主人。)”可知,狗以取回東西而聞名,但貓可以從外邊找到東西帶回來(lái),因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語(yǔ)take ... up a notch是用來(lái)形容貓?jiān)趲Щ貣|西這一行為上做得更好或更出色。故選D。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 動(dòng)物可以用很多方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的需求。)”及全文可知,文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式,包括叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物的習(xí)慣,以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的貓的行為)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。
C
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (鄉(xiāng)村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (區(qū)域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補(bǔ)給). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述政府贊助了五輛名為圣盧卡斯的醫(yī)療列車為俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)每年提供為期10個(gè)月的巡回醫(yī)療服務(wù),為鄉(xiāng)村居民提供基本醫(yī)療檢查和治療,改善當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療條件。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(鄉(xiāng)村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣盧卡斯號(hào)是五列政府資助的醫(yī)療列車之一,前往俄羅斯中部和東部的偏遠(yuǎn)城鎮(zhèn)。每一站平均停留兩天,在此期間,船上的醫(yī)生和護(hù)士為農(nóng)村人口提供基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)、X光掃描和處方。)”可知,圣盧卡斯號(hào)與其他火車的不同之處在于它是政府資助的醫(yī)療火車,充當(dāng)醫(yī)院。故選C。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題,第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄羅斯的公共衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)迫切需要現(xiàn)代化。政府一直在努力提出解決這一問(wèn)題的措施,特別是在伏爾加河以東較貧窮的農(nóng)村地區(qū),包括通過(guò)視頻聊天安排醫(yī)生預(yù)約,擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃,激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到克拉斯諾亞爾斯克等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)行醫(yī)。) ”可以推斷,Krasnoyarsk需要醫(yī)療援助,故選D。
【10題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (補(bǔ)給). ”(每年有10個(gè)月,火車兩周內(nèi)停靠大約八個(gè)車站,然后返回地區(qū)首府進(jìn)行補(bǔ)給和重新裝貨。) ”可知,圣盧卡斯號(hào)一份補(bǔ)給可以工作大約兩周,故選D。
【11題詳解】
推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活,但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注,這給我留下了深刻的印象,”Ducke說(shuō)。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)。”)”可知,Ducke對(duì)Saint Lukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度,故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
D
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending thats unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected of a good ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
15. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章首先通過(guò)作者與教授關(guān)于小說(shuō)結(jié)局的討論引發(fā)了對(duì)結(jié)局的思考,接著闡述了不同類型的文學(xué)作品結(jié)局的特點(diǎn),最后提出了寫作好的結(jié)局的重要性并介紹了《Writer’s Digest》雜志如何幫助作家寫出更好的結(jié)尾。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜歡這個(gè)結(jié)局,”我對(duì)我最喜歡的大學(xué)教授說(shuō)。那是我大三的時(shí)候,我正在做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于維多利亞文學(xué)的獨(dú)立研究。我剛剛讀完喬治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》,讀到結(jié)尾我很傷心。格雷西教授耐心地讓我考慮一下,不要只看我喜不喜歡)”可知,作者去找格雷西教授是為了討論小說(shuō)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)頓悟的時(shí)刻,我再也沒(méi)有想過(guò)同樣的結(jié)局。從那時(shí)起,如果我想讀一個(gè)保證幸福的結(jié)局,我就會(huì)選一部愛(ài)情小說(shuō)。如果我想要一個(gè)我猜不到的結(jié)局,我會(huì)選一本神秘小說(shuō)。一種是我知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么,歷史小說(shuō)。選擇讀什么變得更容易了)”可知,見(jiàn)過(guò)格雷西教授后,作者意識(shí)到了每種類型的文學(xué)都有其獨(dú)特的結(jié)局。故選C項(xiàng)。
14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是寫出結(jié)局——那很難。對(duì)作家來(lái)說(shuō)很難,因?yàn)榻Y(jié)局對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。你必須平衡創(chuàng)造一個(gè)不可預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)局,但這個(gè)結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái),要適合角色的設(shè)定)”可知,人們對(duì)一個(gè)好結(jié)局的期望是結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái),要適合角色的設(shè)定,也就是符合故事的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 這就是為什么這期《Writer’s Digest》旨在幫助你找出如何為你正在寫的任何類型的作品寫出最好的結(jié)局。如果是短篇小說(shuō),彼得·蒙特福德分解了六種技巧,你可以嘗試看看哪一種能幫助你完美著陸。伊麗莎白·西姆斯分析了五部偉大小說(shuō)的最后幾章,看看它們包含了哪些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),以及你如何將它們應(yīng)用到你的作品中)”可知,作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊麗莎白·西姆斯是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這期《Writer’s Digest》的主題,即幫助讀者寫出更好的結(jié)尾。故選B項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
第二節(jié)(共5小題; 每小題2分, 滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
What is moderation (適度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesnt mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. Its important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. Its more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情緒的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陳代謝), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when youre most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We dont always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Dont swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That wont lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,文章主要介紹了,在飲食上注意節(jié)制及其如何節(jié)制的方法。
【16題詳解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上,它意味著只吃你身體需要的食物,你應(yīng)該在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)感到滿足,但不要太飽)”指出,進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要吃太飽,吃東西要適量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但這并不意味著要告別你喜歡的食物)”指出,適量進(jìn)食不是要放棄吃自己喜歡的食物。F項(xiàng)“對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō),節(jié)制意味著比現(xiàn)在吃的少!苯忉屃撕螢檫m量進(jìn)食。承上啟下,符合文意,選項(xiàng)中的“means”與下文一致。故選F項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢來(lái)。放慢腳步,把食物看作是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)東西,而不僅僅是會(huì)議間隙吃的`東西,這一點(diǎn)很重要)”可推知,本段主要建議讀者吃東西要細(xì)嚼慢咽,不要過(guò)于急躁。C項(xiàng)“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一頓飯!背薪由衔。符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不健康的零食,比如餅干,那么適量食用就更具挑戰(zhàn)性了。)”指出,吃不健康的食物不利于適度飲食,E項(xiàng)“相反,你應(yīng)該選擇健康的食物!狈衔囊猓ㄗh讀者選擇健康的食物。選項(xiàng)中的“healthy”與上文中的“unhealthy”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)本段首句“Control emotional (情緒的) eating. (控制情緒化進(jìn)食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我們中的許多人也會(huì)求助于食物來(lái)處理不愉快的情緒,如悲傷、孤獨(dú)或無(wú)聊)”可推知,本段主要建議讀者不要情緒化的進(jìn)行暴飲暴食,要進(jìn)行健康飲食。B項(xiàng)“我們吃東西并不總是為了充饑!敝赋鲇行┤顺詵|西并不總是為了充饑,引出下文有些人通過(guò)食物發(fā)泄情緒,符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
設(shè)空處位于段首,總結(jié)全段,下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陳代謝), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以啟動(dòng)你的新陳代謝,而吃少量健康的食物可以讓你一整天都精力充沛,避免在深夜進(jìn)食。盡量早點(diǎn)吃晚飯,禁食14 — 16個(gè)小時(shí),直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出,我們?cè)谝惶熘械拿總(gè)時(shí)間段都要健康飲食。A項(xiàng)“全天合理飲食。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié), 滿分45分)
第一節(jié)(共20小題; 每小題1. 5分, 滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (機(jī)會(huì)) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships like she did. Ive never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者祖母的童年故事,以及作者從故事中得到的感悟。
【21題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)大人們?cè)谕饷婷τ趪?yán)肅的談話時(shí),我一個(gè)人留在廚房里幫奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客廳;B. kitchen廚房;C. yard院子;D. dining hall餐廳。根據(jù)下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知,此處指作者在廚房洗碗。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:一如既往地,我的祖母會(huì)給我講她童年的故事。As always一如既往;B. By the way順便說(shuō)一句;C. For example例如;D. Here and now此時(shí)此地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知,此處指作者的祖母經(jīng)常給作者講童年故事,這次一如既往的給作者講她童年的故事。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我的祖母出生在二戰(zhàn)前夕,她的童年生活方式與我的完全不同。A. adjusted調(diào)整;B. promoted促進(jìn);C. achieved完成;D. experienced經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知,此處指祖母經(jīng)歷的童年與作者的不同。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)。A. work工作;B. school學(xué)校;C. court法院;D. press出版社。根據(jù)下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知,此處在指祖母生活的年代,她是沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)的。故選B。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:就像典型的重男輕女的家庭一樣,我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家務(wù)。A. favored贊成;B. tolerated容忍;C. trusted信任;D. acknowledged承認(rèn)。根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知,此處指作者祖母生活的年代是重男輕女的,所以祖母才不被允許上學(xué)。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:就像典型的重男輕女的家庭一樣,我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家務(wù)。A.gardening園藝;B. homework家庭作業(yè);C. business商務(wù);D.housework家務(wù)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,再根據(jù)上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知,此處指作者祖母在家里做家務(wù)。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:她唯一能抓住的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)是當(dāng)她的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課的時(shí)候。A. exercise鍛煉;B. study學(xué)習(xí);C. explore探索;D. teach教學(xué)。根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知,此處指祖母不被允許上學(xué),自己找機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她唯一能抓住的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)是當(dāng)她的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課的時(shí)候。A. food食物;B. guests客人;C. lessons課程;D. tea茶。根據(jù)上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知,此處指祖母的哥哥和家庭教師一起上語(yǔ)文課。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:她會(huì)安靜地坐在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的餐桌的另一端,仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)著。A.closely仔細(xì)地、緊密地;B. directly直接地;C. nervously緊張地;D. freely自由地。根據(jù)上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知,此處指祖母抓住學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì),仔細(xì)地旁聽(tīng)學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。
【30題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練教會(huì)了她把中文倒過(guò)來(lái)讀和寫——這項(xiàng)技能被證明是非常實(shí)用的,尤其是當(dāng)我們分享報(bào)紙的時(shí)候。A. professional專業(yè)的;B. awkward令人尷尬的;C. simple簡(jiǎn)單的;D. practical實(shí)用的。根據(jù)上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知,此處指祖母學(xué)會(huì)的技能是非常實(shí)用的。故選D。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在大多數(shù)周末,我的祖母,當(dāng)時(shí)還是個(gè)小女孩,和她的哥哥會(huì)去海灘。A. market市場(chǎng);B. mountain山;C. beach海灘;D. class班級(jí)。根據(jù)下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知,此處指祖母和哥哥去海灘玩水。故選C。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在那里,他們會(huì)穿過(guò)深水,盤腿坐在水下,屏住呼吸,看著周圍發(fā)生的一切。A. secret秘密;B. breath呼吸;C. view視野;D. tongue舌頭。根據(jù)上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知,此處指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故選B。
【33題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我很欽佩她在水下張開(kāi)嘴,還能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire欽佩;B. notice注意到;C.adopt采納;D. value重視。根據(jù)下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知,此處指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故選A。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我很欽佩她在水下張開(kāi)嘴,還能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手;B. mouth嘴;C. eyes眼睛;D. arms胳膊。根據(jù)上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知,此處指祖母張開(kāi)嘴在水底坐著。故選C。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:與她的童年相比,我的童年相當(dāng)快樂(lè)。A. difficult困難的;B. complex復(fù)雜的;C. happy快樂(lè)的;D. similar相似的。通讀全文,再根據(jù)“compared with hers”可推知,此處指與祖母的童年經(jīng)歷相比,作者的童年相當(dāng)快樂(lè)。故選C。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我很感激我不需要像她那樣經(jīng)歷磨難。A. grateful感激的;B. surprised驚訝的;C. convinced深信不疑的;D. regretful后悔的。根據(jù)上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知,此處指作者很感激自己的童年是快樂(lè)的。故選A。
【37題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我很感激我不需要像她那樣經(jīng)歷磨難。A. reflect upon思考;B. go through經(jīng)歷;C. ask about詢問(wèn);D. prepare for準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知,此處指作者感激自己不需要經(jīng)歷祖母經(jīng)歷過(guò)的那些磨難。故選B。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)受教育的問(wèn)題。A.unemployment失業(yè);B. health健康;C. education教育;D. communication溝通。通讀全文,再根據(jù)上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知,文章主要講了祖母不被允許上學(xué),沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的困境,所以此處指作者從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到過(guò)受教育的問(wèn)題。故選C。
【39題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人:她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來(lái)。A. attend出席;B. refer參考;C. lead 領(lǐng)導(dǎo);D. talk對(duì)話、討論。結(jié)合上文祖母給作者講故事,再根據(jù)上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知,此處指祖母的經(jīng)歷使祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人。talk to“與某人交談”。故選D。
【40題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人:她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來(lái)。A. come true成真;B. come round蘇醒;C. come out出現(xiàn);D. come alive變得生動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知,此處指作者祖母的經(jīng)歷和故事豐富了作者的人生,使歷史書上的故事變得生動(dòng)鮮活,躍然紙上。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共10小題; 每小題1.5分, 滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____ (treasure) of American heritage (遺產(chǎn)). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承諾) to promote the idea at the ____48____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】41. to catch
42. treasures
43. what 44. were
45. be done
46. its 47. for
48. completion
49. largest
50. which
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了美國(guó)國(guó)家公園的由來(lái),即四個(gè)男人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處非常美的自然風(fēng)景區(qū),決定好好保護(hù)它以供后人欣賞,并為此做出了許多努力。
【41題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:盡管各級(jí)都有各種規(guī)模和類型的公園,但國(guó)家公園尤其吸引我們的注意,因?yàn)樗鼈凅w積大,種類繁多。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“傾向于做某事”,不定式作賓語(yǔ),故填to catch。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:它們是美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的瑰寶。treasure表示“寶藏”,為可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合前文they are,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填treasures。
【43題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一個(gè)涼爽、繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的夜晚,四個(gè)男人在火洞河邊的營(yíng)火前放松,這里現(xiàn)在是懷俄明州的西北部。后文為介詞in的賓語(yǔ),is前缺主語(yǔ),指物,主語(yǔ)用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作介詞in的賓語(yǔ),故填what。
【44題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他們是一個(gè)由15人組成的探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的一部分,他們花了近五個(gè)星期的時(shí)間來(lái)見(jiàn)證那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四個(gè)男人,時(shí)間為1870年,同時(shí)聯(lián)系后文had spent的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可知,本空時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去式且為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填were。
【45題詳解】
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)美麗的地方,我們應(yīng)該做些什么呢?主語(yǔ)what指物,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后接be done構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填be done。
【46題詳解】
考查代詞。句意:這個(gè)地區(qū)擁有獨(dú)特的、令人驚嘆的自然美景,必須作為國(guó)家公園保護(hù)好,為了所有國(guó)家的人都能享受。修飾名詞beauty用形容詞性物主代詞its,故填its。
【47題詳解】
考查介詞。句意同上。介詞for表目的,表示“為了所有國(guó)家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
【48題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:他們都同意了,并發(fā)誓要在旅行結(jié)束后推廣這個(gè)想法。冠詞修飾名詞,本空應(yīng)填名詞作賓語(yǔ),complete名詞形式為completion,不可數(shù),故填completion。
【49題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:黃石公園是美國(guó)最大的國(guó)家公園,占地220萬(wàn)英畝,直到1978年成為國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗蘭格爾-圣伊萊亞斯在1980年以1230萬(wàn)英畝的面積作為國(guó)家公園獲得這項(xiàng)榮譽(yù)。本空前有the,為形容詞最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞,結(jié)合下文“1978年成為國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗蘭格爾-圣伊萊亞斯在1980年以1230萬(wàn)英畝的面積獲得國(guó)家公園的榮譽(yù)”可知,用large的最高級(jí)largest作定語(yǔ),故填largest。
【50題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意同上。本空所在句子為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為Wrangell-Saint Elias,從句中作主語(yǔ),指物,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which,故填which。
第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié), 滿分35分)
第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題; 每小題1分, 滿分10分)
51. 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加: 在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(^), 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。
修改: 在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線, 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2. 只允許修改10處, 多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
【答案】1. but→and
2. me→mine
3. packing→packed
4. A→An
5. straight后加 to
6. greatly → great
7. here → there
8. enjoyed →enjoyable
9.去掉this
10. shared→share
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者看了一個(gè)關(guān)于重慶火鍋節(jié)目后和一個(gè)朋友去那里一日游的經(jīng)歷。
【詳解】1. 考查連詞。句意:我很好奇,和我的一個(gè)朋友計(jì)劃了一個(gè)特別的一日游。前后句之間為順承關(guān)系,所以用并列連詞and。故將but改成and。
2. 考查代詞。句意:我很好奇,和我的一個(gè)朋友計(jì)劃了一個(gè)特別的一日游。a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友。介詞of后接是名詞性物主代詞作賓語(yǔ)。故將me改成mine。
3. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我們的快車上擠滿了乘客。be packed with“擠滿”,pack與train是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故將packing改成packed。
4. 考查冠詞。句意:一位服務(wù)員給了我們一些關(guān)于重慶的旅游手冊(cè)。名詞attendant 發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭,所以用不定冠詞an。故將A改成An 。
5. 考查介詞。句意:當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí),我們直接去了一家著名的餐館,點(diǎn)了一些菜,味道很好。固定短語(yǔ)go straight to“徑直前往”。故在straight后加 to。
6. 考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時(shí),我們直接去了一家著名的餐館,點(diǎn)了一些菜,味道很好。tasted是系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故將greatly 改成 great 。
7. 考查代詞。句意:那里的氣氛使這頓飯更加愉快。描述剛剛到達(dá)的餐館,用there指代上文提到的餐館。故將here 改成 there。
8. 考查形容詞。句意:那里的氣氛使這頓飯更加愉快。more后接形容詞形式,在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故將enjoyed 改成enjoyable。
9. 考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:火鍋意味著家人和朋友坐在一起,把他們喜歡的東西放在一個(gè)鍋里,分享友誼和愛(ài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里為定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為everything,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),省略關(guān)系代詞that,從句中this多余。故去掉this。
10. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:火鍋意味著家人和朋友坐在一起,把他們喜歡的東西放在一個(gè)鍋里,分享友誼和愛(ài)。不定式to后接動(dòng)詞原形sit ,dip和share,表示目的。故將shared改成share。
第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
52. 英語(yǔ)課要求做課堂展示, 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)所給圖片,以Development of Transport in China為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù) 100 左右;
2. 題目和首句已為你寫好。
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to todays convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous development. Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high- speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.
In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生根據(jù)所給圖片,以Development of Transport in China為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿。
【詳解】1.詞匯激活
提供:offer→provide
極大地:dramatically→tremendously
減少:reduce→decrease
總之:in short→in a nutshell
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句:Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
拓展句:Firstly, shared bicycles, which offer an affordable and green alternative for short trips have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))
【高分句型2】These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
1—5 ACBCA 6—10 BBCAB 11—15 ABABC 16—20 ACBCA
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