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Unit 7 內(nèi)容分析 核心知識(shí) 【常用單詞積累】 名詞：spirit， inventor,  pupil,  track,  safety,  telegraph, lifetime,  confidence. 動(dòng)詞：own, build，frighten，rush, graduate, frustrate，wonder. 形容詞：able, frightened, noisy, worth. 副詞：nearly, healthily, clearly. 詞組：1 be able to 2 try out 3 at the age of 4 rush out 5 open up 6 turn up／down 7 try to do sth., 8 give up 9 try out 10 not … any more 11 be/become interested in 12 be/become good at 13 no matter how 14 It’s a bad line 15 come up with   1. 動(dòng)詞不定式The Infinitive(Ⅰ) (1)不定式作賓語(yǔ) 后面能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want, wish, like, decide, help, begin, ask, choose, forget, hope, learn, would like等.例如： A:We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒. B:He wants to be an artist when he grows up. 長(zhǎng)大后他想當(dāng)一個(gè)藝術(shù)家. 注意：①stop，forget，remember，try， go on等后既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞——ing形式，但含義不同：   stop doing  停止干某事(不干了)   stop to do 停止原來(lái)的事，而做另一件事。     forget doing忘記曾做過(guò)某事   forget to do忘記要做某事(該干而未干的事)     go on doing繼續(xù)干某事(同一件事)   go on to do接著去干某事(指另一件事)     try doing嘗試著干某事   try to do盡力去干事 ②不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放到后面，用作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + it + 賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞) + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡 (2)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ①后面能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 : ask, order, like, want, tell, know, help, call on(請(qǐng)求，號(hào)召)等.例如： The teacher told us to do Exercise2.老師要我們做練習(xí)二. I am glad to hear the good news. 聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息，我很高興. ②使役動(dòng)詞 let， have， make及感官動(dòng)詞 see， watch， notice， hear，feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ).例如： I saw him play basketball on the playground. 我看見(jiàn)他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球. 注：動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not. 2.I’m trying to fix my pen.我正試著修我的鋼筆. (1)try to do sth.試著(設(shè)法)做某事，否定形式為 try not to do sth. He tried not to be late for school.他設(shè)法上學(xué)不遲到. (2)try one’s best to do sth. = do one’s best to do sth.盡全力做某事. We should try our best to learn English well.我們應(yīng)該設(shè)法學(xué)好英語(yǔ). 3.I’11 be able to write faster.我將能寫快一點(diǎn). be able to ＋ v.能夠，會(huì)，例如： Tom is certainly able to cook.湯姆當(dāng)然會(huì)做飯. 同義詞：can，注意 can與 be able不能重復(fù)使用. 4.We can come up with the answer together.我們可以一起解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題， come up with提出，提供例如： I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你們能提出比這個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃. 5.We just need to keep working on it， and not give up. 我們僅僅需要堅(jiān)持不懈地努力，不要放棄. ①need需要，必需 You need to wear warm clothes.你需要穿上溫和的衣服. ②keep doing sth.一直不斷地做某事. why do you keep laughing all the time？你們?yōu)槭裁纯偸窃谛Γ?③work on可以在不同的句中譯成不同的漢語(yǔ)，例如： I am working hard on my Chinese.我在努力學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ). ④give up 放棄、停止，后面接動(dòng)詞ing形式. My father gave up smoking last year我父親去年戒煙. 6.Which of these do you think the second most useful invention？ 這些發(fā)明中哪一種是你認(rèn)為第二有用的？ A. do you think用作插入語(yǔ)，在句中作為一種附加的解釋，不充當(dāng)任何成分. B. the second most useful invention第二項(xiàng)最有用的發(fā)明，例如： Which is the third biggest country in the world？世界上哪個(gè)國(guó)家第三大？ 7.Which of these would you most like to own？ 這些東西你最想擁有哪一個(gè)？ own  vt. 擁有  adj.自己的。owner n.物主 ①Do yon own a car？ Yes， I do.你有小汽車嗎？是的，我有. ②Will you please say something about Thomas Edison in your own words？ 你能用自己的話來(lái)談?wù)撏辛_斯·愛(ài)迪生嗎？ ③Who is the owner of the house？誰(shuí)是房主？ 8.When he was a child， he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.他是一個(gè)小孩時(shí)，他總問(wèn)一些問(wèn)題并試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想. ①try out(徹底)試驗(yàn)例如： It’s a new idea，can you try it out？它是個(gè)新主意，你能試驗(yàn)一下嗎？ ②always與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，含有贊揚(yáng)的情感.例如： Comrade Lei Feng was always helping the other people.雷鋒同志總是樂(lè)于助人. 9.No matter how hard it was，he never gave up.無(wú)論多么艱難，他決不放棄. no matter how(或 what， when， where， who， whether…) 不管怎樣(什么，何時(shí)，哪里，誰(shuí)，是否……)例如：  No matter how difficult the maths problem is，he can work it out. 不管數(shù)學(xué)題有多難，他都能做出來(lái). 10.Young Tom was in school for only three months. 小湯姆只在學(xué)校讀了三個(gè)月的書. in school求學(xué)，在校讀書，學(xué)習(xí)，類似的短語(yǔ)還有： in  hospital(住院)， in bed(在床上)，at school(在學(xué)校)，at work(在工作)， at home(在家).在這些短語(yǔ)中無(wú)冠詞. 11.His teacher didn’t understand why his new pupil had so many strange questions.老師不明白為什么他的新學(xué)生有如此多奇怪的問(wèn)題. so many這樣，那樣多，如此多，修飾可數(shù)名詞，so much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，so不能用such代替.例如： There is so  much snow.有如此多的雪. 12.Most of the  questions had nothing to do with his lessons.大多數(shù)的問(wèn)題與他的功課毫不相關(guān). have nothing to do with和……無(wú)關(guān).例如： I have nothing to do with the accident.我和這次意外事件沒(méi)有關(guān)系. 13.At the age of 12， he starts writing his own newspaper. 12歲時(shí)，他開(kāi)始寫他自己的報(bào)紙. at the age of twelve相當(dāng)于 when he was twelve. At the age of seven， he went to school.七歲時(shí)，他去上學(xué). 14.A train was coming near quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move. 一列火車正飛快地開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)，那孩子嚇得一動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng). ①come near走近，例如： Come near me. I’ve got something to tell you..到我跟前來(lái)，我有話要跟你說(shuō). ②too…to…太…而不能… The girl is too young to go to school.女孩太小不能去上學(xué). 15.The boy’s  father  was  so thankful that  he  taught Edison how to send message by telegraph.那孩子的父親十分感激，于是教愛(ài)迪生學(xué)會(huì)使用電報(bào)的通信技術(shù). ①thankful 例如： He was so thankful to the young man.他對(duì)那年輕人太感激了. ②how to send messages by telegraph是“疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作直接賓語(yǔ)，例如： I don’t decide what to do next.我沒(méi)有決定下一步做什么， 16.This gave him a start in life.這使他從此開(kāi)始了自己的事業(yè). ①start n.開(kāi)始  同義詞 beginning，例如： Everything is difficult at the start.萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難. ②life 生涯，人生 例如：to begin life踏入社會(huì).   典型例題 1.He learnt very fast and became very interested in science. 他學(xué)得非�？�，并且變得對(duì)科學(xué)十感興趣. 解析  ①interested  adj.感興趣的  主語(yǔ)一般是人，且多用在連系動(dòng)詞be，get，become等后作表語(yǔ)，例如： We are interested in fishing.我們對(duì)釣魚(yú)感興趣。 ②interesting adj. 有趣的，帶有主動(dòng)意味，可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，既能修飾人也能修飾物，意為“有興趣的，引起興趣的”.例如： This book is very interesting.這本書很有趣. He is an interesting man.他是個(gè)有趣的人. 2.Edison saw little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station. 愛(ài)迪生在一個(gè)車站看見(jiàn)一個(gè)小男孩在鐵軌上玩. 解析  see sb. doing sth.意思是“看到某人正在做某事”.用動(dòng)詞——ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行、動(dòng)詞see后還可跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即 see sb.do sth.意思“看見(jiàn)某人做了某事”，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，類似的動(dòng)詞還有hear，feel，watch等，它們都是表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞.例如： Do you hear someone knocking at the door？ Yes，I heard him knock three times. 你聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在敲門嗎？是的，我聽(tīng)到他敲了三下. 3. Let’s ask him to turn it down.咱們叫他把它音量調(diào)小點(diǎn). 解析   turn down(將聲音，亮度等)調(diào)低，關(guān)小 turn up(將聲音，亮度等)調(diào)高，開(kāi)大 turn on開(kāi)(燈、自來(lái)水等) turn off關(guān)(燈，自來(lái)水，無(wú)線電等) 例： ①Could you turn your radio down， please？It’s too noisy. 你能把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)小嗎？太吵了. ②I can’t hear clearly， please turn up the radio. 我聽(tīng)不清，請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)大. ③He turned on the radio， and listened to the weather report. 他打開(kāi)收音機(jī)聽(tīng)天氣預(yù)報(bào). ④Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你走之前，別忘了關(guān)燈. 4.I’11 bring it to school in the morning.我明天早晨把它帶到學(xué)校去. 解析  句中動(dòng)詞bring表示“帶去”.如果把事物或某人帶到說(shuō)話人的地方，要用bring而不用take.例如： May I bring my friend t

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