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2024年8月托福考試閱讀理解全真試題（上）
在平平淡淡的日常中，我們會(huì)經(jīng)常接觸并使用試題，試題是考核某種技能水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一份好的試題都是什么樣子的呢？以下是小編整理的2024年8月托�？荚囬喿x理解全真試題（上），僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
the space shuttle columbia flared and broke up in the skies over texas on saturday, february 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what nasa and president bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. nasa launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts remains. it said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. the break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at kennedy space center in florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的殘骸) over a wide swath of texas and neighboring states.
dramatic television images of the shuttles descent clearly showed several white trails(痕跡) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. it was almost 17 years to the day that the challenger shuttle exploded on jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.
take-off and re-entry into earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. in 42 years of us human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to earth or landing. challenger exploded just after take-off.
rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first israeli to fly on the shuttle,former combat pilot col. ilan ramon. there were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推進(jìn)器).
"we are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," nacogdoches county sheriff thomas kerrs said. he added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members.
"the columbia is lost. there are no survivors, …their mission wasalmost complete and we lost them so close to home. … americas space program will go on," said a grim-faced bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.
1. the word “descent” in the passage means ________.
a. taking off b. landing c. orbiting d. walking down
2. which is true of the israeli astronaut ilan ramon?
a. he was the first israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.
b. he was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the american shuttle.
c. he used to be a passenger plane pilot.
d. he was the only survivor in the columbia disaster.
3. the columbia disaster and the challenger disaster were similar in that ________.
a. there were seven astronauts killed on board
b. both the shuttles exploded when they took off
c. both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land
d. no human remains were found
4. which of the following is wrong according to the news?
a. the u.s.a. will give up the space program because of the accident.
b. nasa hasn’t found the cause of the columbia disaster.
c. before the columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.
d. take-off and re-entry into earths atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.
【答案解析】
本文講述了美國(guó)航天飛機(jī)“哥倫比亞”號(hào)失事的情況。
1. b。詞義推測(cè)題。可以參見第三段第二句中的in the decent to earth，其后or landing 即是對(duì) descent解釋。
2. a。細(xì)節(jié)題。從 …which included the first israeli to fly on the shuttle,former combat pilot col. ilan ramon 中可以知道，ilan ramon. 是以色列第一位乘坐航天飛機(jī)的宇航員。
3. a。推斷題。要求你找出這兩起災(zāi)難的共同點(diǎn)。從文中可以了解到兩起災(zāi)難都有7位宇航員喪生。“挑戰(zhàn)者”號(hào)是在升空時(shí)失事的，而“哥倫比亞”號(hào)是在返回地面的過(guò)程中失事的，故可排除b 和 c。而選項(xiàng) d 與原文不符，故選 a。
4. a。判斷題。根據(jù)…americas space program will go on 我們可以知道選項(xiàng) a 明顯錯(cuò)誤。而選項(xiàng)b、c、d均與原文相符。
托�？荚囬喿x理解難句講解
task 1
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句：
But we need to be aware that when painters working in a naturalistic style make images that seem like untouched snapshots of actual objects, their skill can also render lifelike such fictions as a unicorn or a dragon.
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句難點(diǎn)：
大量生詞+倒裝+抽象語(yǔ)義的對(duì)應(yīng)
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析：
首先掃清詞匯問(wèn)題：snapshots快抓照片，render導(dǎo)致…,使…呈現(xiàn)出…，fiction此處不能理解為“小說(shuō)”，應(yīng)結(jié)合語(yǔ)境取“虛構(gòu)”之意，unicorn獨(dú)角獸。最大難點(diǎn)在“render lifelike such fictions”這個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的處理，這是將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)lifelike提前，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤皉ender such fictions lifelike”，即“使得這些虛構(gòu)看起來(lái)栩栩如生”。(在1.7考試解析中也出現(xiàn)該考點(diǎn))。
另外，注意整句話前后的轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)應(yīng)上，“untouched snapshots of actual objects”與“l(fā)ifelike such fictions as a unicorn or a dragon”是最大的對(duì)應(yīng)，其中“actual objects(真實(shí)物體)”又與“fictions，unicorn，dragon(虛構(gòu)，獨(dú)角獸，龍)”對(duì)應(yīng)。
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句翻譯，“但是我們需要意識(shí)到：當(dāng)致力于寫實(shí)主義風(fēng)格的畫家畫出似乎看起來(lái)未經(jīng)過(guò)任何改動(dòng)的快照一樣的真實(shí)物體的繪畫時(shí)，他們的(這種寫實(shí)主義)技藝也能夠使得這些類似獨(dú)角獸和龍一樣的虛構(gòu)物體看起來(lái)栩栩如生。”
這里透露出作者對(duì)寫實(shí)主義雙刃劍效果的警惕，寫實(shí)主義既可以如實(shí)反映真實(shí)世界，也可以將虛假世界描繪的以假亂真。
task 2
From an artist’s point of view, Hockney observed that a camera obscura compresses the complicated forms of a three-dimensional scene into two-dimensional shapes that can easily be traced and also increases the contrast between light and dark,leading to the chiaroscuro effect seen in many of these paintings. (TPO44, 48)
chiaroscuro /k,ɑrskro/ n. 明暗對(duì)照法;對(duì)比法
大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解
(From an artist’s point of view), Hockney observed that a camera obscura compresses the complicated forms of a three-dimensional scene into two-dimensional shapes (that can easily be traced) and also increases the contrast between light and dark, (leading to the chiaroscuro effect) (seen in many of these paintings. )(TPO44, 48)
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：
這個(gè)句子的主干：
Hockney observed that…
從句中是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)：a camera obscura compresses…and also increases…
修飾一：(From an artist’s point of view) ，介詞短語(yǔ)
中文：從藝術(shù)家的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看
修飾二：(that can easily be traced) ，從句
中文：很容易被追蹤
修飾三：(leading to the chiaroscuro effect) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
中文：產(chǎn)生了明暗效果
修飾四：(seen in many of these paintings.) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
中文：在很多這類畫中可以被看見
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：
從藝術(shù)家的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，Hockney觀察到暗箱可以將復(fù)雜的三維場(chǎng)景壓制成易于捕捉的二維圖像，并增加光與影之間的反差，從而產(chǎn)生了在很多這類畫中可以看見的明暗效果。
這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞和從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
看明白之后，別只看一遍，給我看幾十遍!!沒(méi)事就拿出來(lái)欣賞欣賞，直到你想吐為止。
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