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初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法5-數(shù)詞
數(shù)詞六、數(shù)詞
�。ㄒ唬┗鶖�(shù)詞 在英語(yǔ)中表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞。
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
�。�1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
�。�2)21-99 先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
�。�3)101—999先說(shuō)“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
�。�4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為
million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。
1,001→one thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)
2.基數(shù)詞的用法
(1)作主語(yǔ)
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.
�。�2)作賓語(yǔ)
eg.一 How many books would you like?
一I would like two.
�。�3)作表語(yǔ)
eg.Seven minus two is five.
�。�4)作定語(yǔ)
eg.There are three people in my family·
(5)作同位語(yǔ)
eg. You two will go swimming with us.
�。�6)表具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。
eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
�。�7)表不確定的數(shù)字時(shí),數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶名詞,再加of hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬(wàn)的),millions of(數(shù)百萬(wàn))
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋?lái)了。
�。�8)表示“…十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十來(lái)歲(31—34歲):
This took place in the 1930s.這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;
�。�9)表示時(shí)刻
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
�。ǘ┬驍�(shù)詞 在英語(yǔ)中表示順序、次序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞。
1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
�。�2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——~twelfih
�。�3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
2.序數(shù)詞的用法
�。�1)序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。
eg.Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
�。�2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可與不定冠詞連用,表示數(shù)量上“又—”,“再一”
eg: He tried a second time.他又試了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time?還要我再問(wèn)他—次嗎?我已問(wèn)了他兩次)
�。�3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
�。�4表示年、月、日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。
2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005
�。ㄈ┗鶖�(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來(lái)給數(shù)字編號(hào)。
No.1(1號(hào)),No.3bus(3路公共汽車(chē)),Room 103,(103號(hào)旁間)
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二課)
�。ㄋ模┓�?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)
分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1時(shí),分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths
�。ㄎ澹⿺�(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.
9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.
8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.
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